Related papers: Light-Ion Collisions: Bridging Small and Large QCD…
The progress over the 30 years since the first high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the BNL-AGS and CERN-SPS has been truly remarkable. Rigorous experimental and theoretical studies have revealed a new state of the matter in heavy-ion…
Results on collisions of $^{16}$O nuclei performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have been presented for the first time at Quark Matter 2023 by the STAR collaboration. $^{16}$O+$^{16}$O collisions are also expected to take…
In heavy-ion collisions at high energies, the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts the production of the deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) state. Quarkonia ($c\bar{c}$ or $b\bar{b}$ bound states) are a useful means to probe QGP and to…
The proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN, Switzerland has brought up new challenges and opportunities in understanding the experimental findings in contrast to the conventional lower energy $pp$…
The first collisions of lead nuclei, delivered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the end of 2010, at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV, marked the beginning of a new era in ultra-relativistic…
Towards the end of 2010, some 25 years after the very first collisions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions at fixed target energies, and some 10 years after the start of operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the LHC opened a…
Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, predicts a transition of the usual matter to a new phase of matter, called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), at sufficiently high temperatures. The non-perturbative technique of…
The past decade has seen huge advances in experimental measurements made in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and more recently at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These new data, in combination with…
The unique physics opportunities accessible with nuclear collisions at the CERN Future Circular Collider (FCC) are summarized. Lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-lead (pPb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 and 63 TeV respectively with…
This is a review of the physics prospects for relativistic heavy ion collisions in the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The motivation for the study of superdense matter created in relativistic heavy ion collision is the prospect of observing a…
We investigate top anti-top quark pair production in lead-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider with nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy of 5.5 TeV. Due to the very high temperature and energy density created in heavy ion…
The major aim of nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC is to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark gluon plasma (QGP), formed in extreme conditions of temperature and energy density. We give a brief overview of the…
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland became operational in 2009 and has since then produced a plethora of results for proton-proton (pp) collisions. This short review covers results that relates to soft QCD focusing on…
High multiplicity final states of small collision systems, such as proton-proton or proton-nucleus, exhibit some signatures which resemble features associated with quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in heavy-ion collisions, e.g., collective…
The future opportunities for high-density QCD studies with ion and proton beams at the LHC are presented. Four major scientific goals are identified: the characterisation of the macroscopic long wavelength Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP)…
Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), defined on a discrete space time lattice, leads to a spectacular non-perturbative prediction of a new state of matter, called quark-gluon plasma (QGP), at sufficiently high temperatures or equivalently…
The Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created in high energy heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This medium is transparent to electromagnetic probes but nearly opaque to colored…
On November 8, 2010 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collided first stable beams of heavy ions (Pb on Pb) at center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon. The LHC worked exceedingly well during its one month of operation with heavy…
This lecture presents an overview of the status of the investigation of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma using relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It…
We show that heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide a promising environment to search for new long lived particles in well-motivated New Physics scenarios. One advantage lies in the possibility to operate the main detectors with looser…