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Federated Learning (FL) allows training machine learning models in privacy-constrained scenarios by enabling the cooperation of edge devices without requiring local data sharing. This approach raises several challenges due to the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riccardo Zaccone , Andrea Rizzardi , Debora Caldarola , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

Data Parallelism (DP), Tensor Parallelism (TP), and Pipeline Parallelism (PP) are the three strategies widely adopted to enable fast and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) training. However, these approaches rely on data-intensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Lang Xu , Quentin Anthony , Qinghua Zhou , Nawras Alnaasan , Radha R. Gulhane , Aamir Shafi , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar K. Panda

HiCCL (Hierarchical Collective Communication Library) addresses the growing complexity and diversity in high-performance network architectures. As GPU systems have envolved into networks of GPUs with different multilevel communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mert Hidayetoglu , Simon Garcia de Gonzalo , Elliott Slaughter , Pinku Surana , Wen-mei Hwu , William Gropp , Alex Aiken

Large Language Models (LLMs) with long context capabilities are integral to complex tasks in natural language processing and computational biology, such as text generation and protein sequence analysis. However, training LLMs directly on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jinghan Yao , Sam Ade Jacobs , Masahiro Tanaka , Olatunji Ruwase , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar K. Panda

Long context training is crucial for LLM's context extension. Existing schemes, such as sequence parallelism, incur substantial communication overhead. Pipeline parallelism (PP) reduces this cost, but its effectiveness hinges on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shiju Wang , Yujie Wang , Ao Sun , Fangcheng Fu , Zijian Zhu , Bin Cui , Xu Han , Kaisheng Ma

The efficient distributed training of Large Language Models (LLMs) is severely hampered by the extreme variance in context lengths. This data heterogeneity, amplified by conventional packing strategies and asymmetric forward-backward costs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuliang Liu , Guohao Wu , Shenglong Zhang , Wei Zhang , Qianchao Zhu , Zhouyang Li , Chenyu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyuan Hu , Yuliang Liu , Jinman Zhao , Suyuchen Wang , Yan Wang , Wei Shen , Qing Gu , Anh Tuan Luu , See-Kiong Ng , Zhiwei Jiang , Bryan Hooi

In this paper, to analyze end-to-end timing behavior in heterogeneous processor and network environments accurately, we adopt a heterogeneous selection value on communication contention (HSV_CC) algorithm, which can synchronize tasks and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Jaeyong Rho , Takuya Azumi , Mayo Nakagawa , Kenya Sato , Nobuhiko Nishio

Sequence parallelism (SP), which divides the sequence dimension of input tensors across multiple computational devices, is becoming key to unlocking the long-context capabilities of generative AI models. This paper investigates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jiarui Fang , Shangchun Zhao

Deep learning systems are optimized for clusters with homogeneous resources. However, heterogeneity is prevalent in computing infrastructure across edge, cloud and HPC. When training neural networks using stochastic gradient descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sahil Tyagi , Prateek Sharma

Single-Program-Multiple-Data (SPMD) parallelism has recently been adopted to train large deep neural networks (DNNs). Few studies have explored its applicability on heterogeneous clusters, to fully exploit available resources for large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Shiwei Zhang , Lansong Diao , Chuan Wu , Zongyan Cao , Siyu Wang , Wei Lin

This paper presents Block, a distributed scheduling framework designed to optimize load balancing and auto-provisioning across instances in large language model serving frameworks by leveraging contextual information from incoming requests.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wei Da , Evangelia Kalyvianaki

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on distributed training strategies, among which pipeline parallelism plays a crucial role. As LLMs' training sequence length extends to 32k or even 128k, the current pipeline…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Xinrong Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun

In this paper we analyze, evaluate, and improve the performance of training generalized linear models on modern CPUs. We start with a state-of-the-art asynchronous parallel training algorithm, identify system-level performance bottlenecks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Nikolas Ioannou , Celestine Dünner , Kornilios Kourtis , Thomas Parnell

While transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) theoretically support massive context windows, they suffer from severe performance degradation when processing long numerical sequences. We attribute this failure to the attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jie Sun , Yu Liu , Lu Han , Qiwen Deng , Xiang Shu , Yang Xiao , Xingyu Lu , Jun Zhou , Pengfei Liu , Lintao Ma , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang

Long context fine-tuning of large language models(LLMs) involves training on datasets that are predominantly composed of short sequences and a small proportion of longer sequences. However, existing approaches overlook this long-tail…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiulong Yuan , Hongtao Xu , Wenting Shen , Ang Wang , Xiafei Qiu , Jie Zhang , Yuqiong Liu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Training general-purpose Audio Large Language Models (ALLMs) across diverse datasets is essential for holistic audio understanding, yet it faces significant challenges due to dataset heterogeneity, which often leads to conflicting gradients…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yanru Wu , Jianning Wang , Chongxin Gan , Yang Li

Large language models (LLMs) are adopted for software and hardware design, yet these domains are still evaluated separately. Software benchmarks typically assume fixed hardware targets, while hardware benchmarks focus on component-level…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Pei-Huan Tsai , Kuan-Lin Chiu , William Baisi , Pin-Yu Chen , Luca P. Carloni

To scale non-parametric extensions of probabilistic topic models such as Latent Dirichlet allocation to larger data sets, practitioners rely increasingly on parallel and distributed systems. In this work, we study data-parallel training for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-07 Alexander Terenin , Måns Magnusson , Leif Jonsson

Long-context language modeling is commonly framed as a scalability challenge of token-level attention, yet local-to-global information structuring remains largely implicit in existing approaches. Drawing on cognitive theories of discourse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xiangyu Zeng , Qi Xu , Yunke Wang , Chang Xu
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