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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) can cause them to lose their general capabilities. However, the intrinsic mechanisms behind such forgetting remain unexplored. In this paper, we begin by examining this phenomenon by focusing on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Gangwei Jiang , Zhaoyi Li , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hangfan Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Shicheng Liu , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Developing effective instruction-following policies in reinforcement learning remains challenging due to the reliance on extensive human-labeled instruction datasets and the difficulty of learning from sparse rewards. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhicheng Zhang , Ziyan Wang , Yali Du , Fei Fang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong ability, they are further supposed to be controlled and guided by in real-world scenarios to be safe, accurate, and intelligent. This demands the possession of capability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Wangtao Sun , Chenxiang Zhang , XueYou Zhang , Xuanqing Yu , Ziyang Huang , Pei Chen , Haotian Xu , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in instruction-following, becoming increasingly crucial across various applications. However, this capability brings with it the risk of prompt injection attacks, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zekun Li , Baolin Peng , Pengcheng He , Xifeng Yan

Task semantics can be expressed by a set of input-output examples or a piece of textual instruction. Conventional machine learning approaches for natural language processing (NLP) mainly rely on the availability of large-scale sets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Renze Lou , Kai Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

To acquire instruction-following capabilities, large language models (LLMs) undergo instruction tuning, where they are trained on instruction-response pairs using next-token prediction (NTP). Efforts to improve instruction tuning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxin Xiao , Shujian Zhang , Wenxuan Zhou , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Sanqiang Zhao

Embodied Instruction Following (EIF) requires agents to complete human instruction by interacting objects in complicated surrounding environments. Conventional methods directly consider the sparse human instruction to generate action plans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Guanxing Lu , Ziwei Wang , Changliu Liu , Jiwen Lu , Yansong Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

Conventional end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models primarily focus on exact transcription tasks, lacking flexibility for nuanced user interactions. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) in speech processing, more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Cheng-I Jeff Lai , Zhiyun Lu , Liangliang Cao , Ruoming Pang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities not only in reasoning but also in invoking external tools, particularly search engines. However, teaching models to discern when to invoke search and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhengwei Tao , Ting-En Lin , Xiancai Chen , Hangyu Li , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li , Zhi Jin , Fei Huang , Dacheng Tao , Jingren Zhou

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various benchmark tasks. While providing instructions to LLMs for guiding their generations is user-friendly, assessing their instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rem Hida , Junki Ohmura , Toshiyuki Sekiya

Instruction following aims to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intent by specifying explicit constraints on how tasks should be performed. However, we reveal a counterintuitive phenomenon: instruction following can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yunjia Qi , Hao Peng , Xintong Shi , Amy Xin , Xiaozhi Wang , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have been significantly improved by instruction fine-tuning, but still lack transparency and the ability to utilize up-to-date knowledge and information. In this work, we propose search-augmented instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Yuan Gong , Tianhua Zhang , Yoon Kim , Xixin Wu , Danny Fox , Helen Meng , James Glass

The remarkable capability of large language models (LLMs) for in-context learning (ICL) needs to be activated by demonstration examples. Prior work has extensively explored the selection of examples for ICL, predominantly following the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Haoyu Liu , Jianfeng Liu , Shaohan Huang , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Furu Wei , Qi Zhang

Language model (LM) post-training relies on two stages of human supervision: task demonstrations for supervised finetuning (SFT), followed by preference comparisons for reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). As LMs become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yaowen Ye , Cassidy Laidlaw , Jacob Steinhardt

Self-reflection for Large Language Models (LLMs) has gained significant attention. Existing approaches involve models iterating and improving their previous responses based on LLMs' internal reflection ability or external feedback. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Liping Liu , Chunhong Zhang , Likang Wu , Chuang Zhao , Zheng Hu , Ming He , Jianping Fan

The majority of language model training builds on imitation learning. It covers pretraining, supervised fine-tuning, and affects the starting conditions for reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). The simplicity and scalability…

The ability to learn and refine behavior after deployment has become ever more important for robots as we design them to operate in unstructured environments like households. In this work, we design a new learning system based on large…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Huihan Liu , Alice Chen , Yuke Zhu , Adith Swaminathan , Andrey Kolobov , Ching-An Cheng
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