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We study allowing large language models (LLMs) to process arbitrarily long prompts through the lens of inference-time scaling. We propose Recursive Language Models (RLMs), a general inference paradigm that treats long prompts as part of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alex L. Zhang , Tim Kraska , Omar Khattab

People enjoy sharing "notes" including their experiences within online communities. Therefore, recommending notes aligned with user interests has become a crucial task. Existing online methods only input notes into BERT-based models to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Chao Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Haoxin Zhang , Tong Xu , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Di Wu , Enhong Chen

Sequential recommender systems have achieved significant success in modeling temporal user behavior but remain limited in capturing rich user semantics beyond interaction patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) present opportunities to…

Since local LLM inference on resource-constrained edge devices imposes a severe performance bottleneck, this paper proposes distributed prompt caching to enhance inference performance by cooperatively sharing intermediate processing states…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hiroki Matsutani , Naoki Matsuda , Naoto Sugiura

Large Language Models (LLMs) show great capabilities in a wide range of applications, but serving them efficiently becomes increasingly challenging as requests (prompts) become more complex. Context caching improves serving performance by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Junhao Hu , Wenrui Huang , Weidong Wang , Haoyi Wang , Tiancheng Hu , Qin Zhang , Hao Feng , Xusheng Chen , Yizhou Shan , Tao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation (CDSR) aims to mine and transfer users' sequential preferences across different domains to alleviate the long-standing cold-start issue. Traditional CDSR models capture collaborative information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tingjia Shen , Hao Wang , Jiaqing Zhang , Sirui Zhao , Liangyue Li , Zulong Chen , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

Despite their remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse domains, large language models (LLMs) face fundamental challenges in natively functioning as generative reasoning recommendation models (GRRMs), where the intrinsic modeling gap…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Minjie Hong , Zetong Zhou , Zirun Guo , Ziang Zhang , Ruofan Hu , Weinan Gan , Jieming Zhu , Zhou Zhao

Multi-LLM systems harness the complementary strengths of diverse Large Language Models, achieving performance and efficiency gains that are not attainable by a single model. In existing designs, LLMs communicate through text, forcing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tianyu Fu , Zihan Min , Hanling Zhang , Jichao Yan , Guohao Dai , Wanli Ouyang , Yu Wang

In the past year, Generative Recommendations (GRs) have undergone substantial advancements, especially in leveraging the powerful sequence modeling and reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance overall recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhen Yang , Haitao Lin , Jiawei xue , Ziji Zhang

This paper focuses on extending the success of large language models (LLMs) to sequential decision making. Existing efforts either (i) re-train or finetune LLMs for decision making, or (ii) design prompts for pretrained LLMs. The former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang , Yinglun Zhu

Interacting with humans through multi-turn conversations is a fundamental feature of large language models (LLMs). However, existing LLM serving engines executing multi-turn conversations are inefficient due to the need to repeatedly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Bin Gao , Zhuomin He , Puru Sharma , Qingxuan Kang , Djordje Jevdjic , Junbo Deng , Xingkun Yang , Zhou Yu , Pengfei Zuo

The transformer's context window is vital for tasks such as few-shot learning and conditional generation as it preserves previous tokens for active memory. However, as the context lengths increase, the computational costs grow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Youngwan Lee , Myeongjae Jeon , Sung Ju Hwang

Sequential Recommender Systems (SRS), which model a user's interaction history to predict the next item of interest, are widely used in various applications. However, existing SRS often struggle with low-popularity items, a challenge known…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Qidong Liu , Xian Wu , Wanyu Wang , Yejing Wang , Yuanshao Zhu , Xiangyu Zhao , Feng Tian , Yefeng Zheng

Large language models (LLM) not only have revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP) but also have the potential to reshape many other fields, e.g., recommender systems (RS). However, most of the related work treats an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lei Li , Yongfeng Zhang , Dugang Liu , Li Chen

Large Language Models (LLM) hold immense promise for real-world applications, but their generic knowledge often falls short of domain-specific needs. Fine-tuning, a common approach, can suffer from catastrophic forgetting and hinder…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Emile Contal , Garrin McGoldrick

Owing to the impressive general intelligence of large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing trend to integrate them into recommender systems to gain a more profound insight into human interests and intentions. Existing LLMs-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Chuang Zhao , Xing Su , Ming He , Hongke Zhao , Jianping Fan , Xiaomeng Li

We propose Rec-R1, a general reinforcement learning framework that bridges large language models (LLMs) with recommendation systems through closed-loop optimization. Unlike prompting and supervised fine-tuning (SFT), Rec-R1 directly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiacheng Lin , Tian Wang , Kun Qian

Personalized large language models (LLMs) rely on memory retrieval to incorporate user-specific histories, preferences, and contexts. Existing approaches either overload the LLM by feeding all the user's past memory into the prompt, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yingyi Zhang , Junyi Li , Wenlin Zhang , Penyue Jia , Xianneng Li , Yichao Wang , Derong Xu , Yi Wen , Huifeng Guo , Yong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao
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