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Recently, 4D millimetre-wave radar exhibits more stable perception ability than LiDAR and camera under adverse conditions (e.g. rain and fog). However, low-quality radar points hinder its application, especially the odometry task that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhiheng Li , Yubo Cui , Ningyuan Huang , Chenglin Pang , Zheng Fang

Autonomous driving at level five does not only means self-driving in the sunshine. Adverse weather is especially critical because fog, rain, and snow degrade the perception of the environment. In this work, current state of the art light…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Mario Bijelic , Tobias Gruber , Werner Ritter

4D millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar has been widely adopted in autonomous driving and robot perception due to its low cost and all-weather robustness. However, point-cloud-based radar representations suffer from information loss due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Runwei Guan , Jianan Liu , Shaofeng Liang , Fangqiang Ding , Shanliang Yao , Xiaokai Bai , Daizong Liu , Tao Huang , Guoqiang Mao , Hui Xiong

Outdoor advertisements remain a critical medium for modern marketing, yet accurately verifying billboard text visibility under real-world conditions is still challenging. Traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) pipelines excel at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Maciej Szankin , Vidhyananth Venkatasamy , Lihang Ying

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promise in instruction following and 2D image understanding. While these models are powerful, they have not yet been developed to comprehend the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Senqiao Yang , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Mingjie Pan , Zoey Guo , Xiaoqi Li , Zehui Chen , Peng Gao , Yandong Guo , Shanghang Zhang

In autonomous driving, LiDAR and radar are crucial for environmental perception. LiDAR offers precise 3D spatial sensing information but struggles in adverse weather like fog. Conversely, radar signals can penetrate rain or mist due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yanlong Yang , Jianan Liu , Tao Huang , Qing-Long Han , Gang Ma , Bing Zhu

Recent contrastive multimodal vision-language models like CLIP have demonstrated robust open-world semantic understanding, becoming the standard image backbones for vision-language applications. However, recent findings suggest high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mayug Maniparambil , Raiymbek Akshulakov , Yasser Abdelaziz Dahou Djilali , Sanath Narayan , Ankit Singh , Noel E. O'Connor

Radar sensors are low cost, long-range, and weather-resilient. Therefore, they are widely used for driver assistance functions, and are expected to be crucial for the success of autonomous driving in the future. In many perception tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Mariia Pushkareva , Yuri Feldman , Csaba Domokos , Kilian Rambach , Dotan Di Castro

Ensuring reliable autonomous operation when visual input is degraded remains a key challenge in intelligent vehicles and robotics. We present DepthVision, a multimodal framework that enables Vision--Language Models (VLMs) to exploit LiDAR…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sven Kirchner , Nils Purschke , Ross Greer , Alois C. Knoll

Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve remarkable performance through large-scale image-text pretraining. However, their reliance on labeled image datasets limits scalability and leaves vast amounts of unlabeled image data underutilized. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Sanghyun Byun , Jung Ick Guack , Mohanad Odema , Baisub Lee , Jacob Song , Woo Seong Chung

Vision-language models (VLMs) unify computer vision and natural language processing in a single architecture capable of interpreting and describing images. Most state-of-the-art systems rely on two computationally intensive components:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Andrew Kiruluta , Priscilla Burity

Visual geo-localization for drones faces critical degradation under weather perturbations, \eg, rain and fog, where existing methods struggle with two inherent limitations: 1) Heavy reliance on limited weather categories that constrain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jiahao Wen , Hang Yu , Zhedong Zheng

As the real propagation environment becomes in creasingly complex and dynamic, millimeter wave beam prediction faces huge challenges. However, the powerful cross modal representation capability of vision-language model (VLM) provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Ji Wang , Bin Tang , Jian Xiao , Qimei Cui , Xingwang Li , Tony Q. S. Quek

Reliable and weather-robust perception systems are essential for safe autonomous driving and typically employ multi-modal sensor configurations to achieve comprehensive environmental awareness. While recent automotive FMCW Radar-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Christof Leitgeb , Thomas Puchleitner , Max Peter Ronecker , Daniel Watzenig

Automotive perception systems are obligated to meet high requirements. While optical sensors such as Camera and Lidar struggle in adverse weather conditions, Radar provides a more robust perception performance, effectively penetrating fog,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Christof Leitgeb , Thomas Puchleitner , Max Peter Ronecker , Daniel Watzenig

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise in 2D medical image analysis, but extending them to 3D remains challenging due to the high computational demands of volumetric data and the difficulty of aligning 3D spatial features with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yu Xin , Gorkem Can Ates , Kuang Gong , Wei Shao

Although fusing multiple sensor modalities can enhance object detection performance, existing fusion approaches often overlook subtle variations in environmental conditions and sensor inputs. As a result, they struggle to adaptively weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Aditya Taparia , Noel Ngu , Mario Leiva , Joshua Shay Kricheli , John Corcoran , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Gerardo Simari , Paulo Shakarian , Ransalu Senanayake

Short- or mid-term rainfall forecasting is a major task with several environmental applications such as agricultural management or flood risk monitoring. Existing data-driven approaches, especially deep learning models, have shown…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-13 Vincent Bouget , Dominique Béréziat , Julien Brajard , Anastase Charantonis , Arthur Filoche

Autonomous driving perception systems are particularly vulnerable in foggy conditions, where light scattering reduces contrast and obscures fine details critical for safe operation. While numerous defogging methods exist, from handcrafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ardalan Aryashad , Parsa Razmara , Amin Mahjoub , Seyedarmin Azizi , Mahdi Salmani , Arad Firouzkouhi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in autonomous driving and embodied AI systems, where reliable perception is critical for safe semantic reasoning and decision-making. While recent VLMs demonstrate strong performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guo Cheng