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Considering the challenges faced by large language models (LLMs) in logical reasoning and planning, prior efforts have sought to augment LLMs with access to external solvers. While progress has been made on simple reasoning problems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yu Zhang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Zehua Pei , Yingzhao Lian , Lihao Yin , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Explaining observed phenomena through symbolic, interpretable formulas is a fundamental goal of science. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools for symbolic equation discovery, owing to their broad domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jianke Yang , Ohm Venkatachalam , Mohammad Kianezhad , Sharvaree Vadgama , Rose Yu

Recent advancements in large language models have led to significant improvements across various tasks, including mathematical reasoning, which is used to assess models' intelligence in logical reasoning and problem-solving. Models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Erez Yosef , Oron Anschel , Shunit Haviv Hakimi , Asaf Gendler , Adam Botach , Nimrod Berman , Igor Kviatkovsky

Multi-agent LLM systems, where multiple prompted instances of a language model independently answer questions, are increasingly used for complex reasoning tasks. However, existing methods for quantifying the uncertainty of their collective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bo Jiang

Traditional causal discovery methods often depend on strong, untestable assumptions, making them unreliable in real-world applications. In this context, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative for extracting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Federico Baldo , Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Uncovering the underlying ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that govern dynamic systems is crucial for advancing our understanding of complex phenomena. Traditional symbolic regression methods often struggle to capture the temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yang Chang , Kuang-Da Wang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Cheng-Kuan Lin , Wen-Chih Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Uncovering hidden symbolic laws from time series data, as an aspiration dating back to Kepler's discovery of planetary motion, remains a core challenge in scientific discovery and artificial intelligence. While Large Language Models show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zewen Liu , Juntong Ni , Xianfeng Tang , Max S. Y. Lau , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Wei Jin

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are foundational in modeling intricate dynamics across a gamut of scientific disciplines. Yet, a possibility to represent a single phenomenon through multiple ODE models, driven by different…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-01 Itai Dattner , Shota Gugushvili , Oleksandr Laskorunskyi

Existing benchmarks for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) rely primarily on competition problems, formal proofs, or artificially challenging questions -- failing to capture the nature of mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Cezara Petrui , Kristina Nikolić , Florian Tramèr

We describe a method for the identification of models for dynamical systems from observational data. The method is based on the concept of symbolic regression and uses genetic programming to evolve a system of ordinary differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Gabriel Kronberger , Lukas Kammerer , Michael Kommenda

In in this paper we show how using D.A. it is found a simple change of variables (c.v.) that brings us to obtain differential equations simpler than the original one. In a pedagogical way (at least we try to do that) and in order to make…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 José Antonio Belinchón

Symbolic regression corresponds to an ensemble of techniques that allow to uncover an analytical equation from data. Through a closed form formula, these techniques provide great advantages such as potential scientific discovery of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ismail Alaoui Abdellaoui , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are central to science and engineering. Since solving them is computationally expensive, a lot of effort has been put into approximating their solution operator via both traditional and recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Alessandro Longhi , Danny Lathouwers , Zoltán Perkó

In this paper, we set the mathematical foundations of the Dynamical Low-Rank Approximation (DLRA) method for stochastic differential equations (SDEs). DLRA aims at approximating the solution as a linear combination of a small number of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Yoshihito Kazashi , Fabio Nobile , Fabio Zoccolan

For a nonlinear ordinary differential equation solved with respect to the highest order derivative and rational in the other derivatives and in the independent variable, we devise two algorithms to check if the equation can be reduced to a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-04-28 Dmitry Lyakhov , Vladimir Gerdt , Dominik Michels

Identifying dynamical systems from experimental data is a notably difficult task. Prior knowledge generally helps, but the extent of this knowledge varies with the application, and customized models are often needed. Neural ordinary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-13 Mona Buisson-Fenet , Valery Morgenthaler , Sebastian Trimpe , Florent Di Meglio

Large language models (LLMs) have excelled in various natural language processing tasks, but challenges in interpretability and trustworthiness persist, limiting their use in high-stakes fields. Causal discovery offers a promising approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Wei Zhou , Hong Huang , Guowen Zhang , Ruize Shi , Kehan Yin , Yuanyuan Lin , Bang Liu

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang