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Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) is an emerging technique to reduce the computation and communication overload at the PS caused by the orthogonal transmissions of the model updates in conventional federated learning (FL). This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Saba Asaad , Hina Tabassum , Chongjun Ouyang , Ping Wang

Fluid antenna (FA) technology has recently emerged as an effective means of exploiting spatial diversity through position-domain reconfigurability. This paper investigates the integration of FA into over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Saeid Pakravan , Wessam Ajib , Ming Zeng , Ghosheh Abed Hodtani , Ji Wang

The development of applications based on artificial intelligence and implemented over wireless networks is increasingly rapidly and is expected to grow dramatically in the future. The resulting demand for the aggregation of large amounts of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-04 Bingnan Xiao , Xichen Yu , Wei Ni , Xin Wang , H. Vincent Poor

We propose SCENE (Self-Centering Noncoherent Estimator), a pilot-free and phase-invariant aggregation primitive for over-the-air federated distillation (OTA-FD). Each device maps its soft-label (class-probability) vector to nonnegative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Hao Chen , Zavareh Bozorgasl

We study federated learning (FL) over wireless fading channels where multiple devices simultaneously send their model updates. We propose an efficient age-aware edge-blind over-the-air FL approach that does not require channel state…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ahmed M. Elshazly , Ahmed Arafa

The performance of federated learning (FL) over wireless networks critically depends on accurate and timely channel state information (CSI) across distributed devices. This requirement is tightly linked to how rapidly the channel gains…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Mehdi Karbalayghareh , David J. Love , Christopher G. Brinton

Distributed learning on edge devices has attracted increased attention with the advent of federated learning (FL). Notably, edge devices often have limited battery and heterogeneous energy availability, while multiple rounds are required in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-13 Rafael Valente da Silva , Onel L. Alcaraz López , Richard Demo Souza

The growing number of wireless edge devices has magnified challenges concerning energy, bandwidth, latency, and data heterogeneity. These challenges have become bottlenecks for distributed learning. To address these issues, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Mohamed Badi , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Anis Elgabli , Mehdi Bennis

Employing wireless systems with dual sensing and communications functionalities is becoming critical in next generation of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a robust design for over-the-air federated edge learning (OTA-FEEL) that…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Saba Asaad , Ping Wang , Hina Tabassum

We study federated edge learning (FEEL), where wireless edge devices, each with its own dataset, learn a global model collaboratively with the help of a wireless access point acting as the parameter server (PS). At each iteration, wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri , Tolga M. Duman , Deniz Gunduz , Sanjeev R. Kulkarni , H. Vincent Poor

In Federated Learning (FL), devices that participate in the training usually have heterogeneous resources, i.e., energy availability. In current deployments of FL, devices that do not fulfill certain hardware requirements are often dropped…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kilian Pfeiffer , Konstantinos Balaskas , Kostas Siozios , Jörg Henkel

Federated Edge Learning (FEEL) is a distributed machine learning technique where each device contributes to training a global inference model by independently performing local computations with their data. More recently, FEEL has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Saeed Razavikia , Jaume Anguera Peris , Jose Mairton B. da Silva , Carlo Fischione

Federated Learning (FL) is extensively used to train AI/ML models in distributed and privacy-preserving settings. Participant edge devices in FL systems typically contain non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) private data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Sixing Yu , J. Pablo Muñoz , Ali Jannesari

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for reliable autonomous driving, where safety depends on recognizing road obstacles and unexpected objects beyond the training distribution. Despite extensive research on OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zizhao Li , Zhengkang Xiang , Jiayang Ao , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed devices while preserving data privacy. However, balancing energy efficiency and fair participation while ensuring high model accuracy remains challenging in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ouiame Marnissi , Hajar EL Hammouti , El Houcine Bergou

Machine learning and wireless communication technologies are jointly facilitating an intelligent edge, where federated edge learning (FEEL) is a promising training framework. As wireless devices involved in FEEL are resource limited in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Yuxuan Sun , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu , Deniz Gündüz

Frequent parameter exchanges between clients and the edge server incur substantial communication overhead, posing a critical bottleneck in federated learning (FL). By exploiting the superposition property of wireless waveforms, over-the-air…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruihao Du , Jiaqi Zhu , Zeshen Li , Howard H. Yang

Over-the-Air Federated Learning (AirFL) is an emerging paradigm that tightly integrates wireless signal processing and distributed machine learning to enable scalable AI at the network edge. By leveraging the superposition property of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi , Carlo Fischione , Kaibin Huang

In federated learning (FL), heterogeneity among the local dataset distributions of clients can result in unsatisfactory performance for some, leading to an unfair model. To address this challenge, we propose an over-the-air fair federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , Ali Bereyhi , Saba Asaad , H. Vincent Poor

This paper studies power-efficient uplink transmission design for federated learning (FL) that employs over-the-air analog aggregation and multi-antenna beamforming at the server. We jointly optimize device transmit weights and receive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Min Dong , Ben Liang , Yahia A. Eldemerdash Ahmed , Ho Ting Cheng