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Related papers: Learning Agent Routing From Early Experience

200 papers

The relation extraction (RE) in complex scenarios faces challenges such as diverse relation types and ambiguous relations between entities within a single sentence, leading to the poor performance of pure "text-in, text-out" language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuchen Shi , Guochao Jiang , Tian Qiu , Deqing Yang

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the emergence of routing techniques, which aim to efficiently select the optimal LLM from diverse candidates to tackle specific tasks, optimizing performance while reducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ruihan Jin , Pengpeng Shao , Zhengqi Wen , Jinyang Wu , Mingkuan Feng , Shuai Zhang , Jianhua Tao

Large language models have achieved remarkable success in various tasks but suffer from high computational costs during inference, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Wenhao Zheng , Yixiao Chen , Weitong Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Yun Li , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Hongyi Wang , Huaxiu Yao

Agents equipped with search tools have emerged as effective solutions for knowledge-intensive tasks. While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost limits practical deployment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yizhou Liu , Qi Sun , Yulin Chen , Siyue Zhang , Chen Zhao

Deploying LLM agents at scale typically requires choosing between quality and cost. Existing cost-reduction approaches fail to preserve agility: the ability to iterate rapidly without human time bottlenecks. Prompt engineering is brittle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Vishnu Sarukkai , Asanshay Gupta , James Hong , Michaël Gharbi , Kayvon Fatahalian

LLMs now tackle a wide range of software-related tasks, yet we show that their performance varies markedly both across and within these tasks. Routing user queries to the appropriate LLMs can therefore help improve response quality while…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Adam Štorek , Vikas Upadhyay , Marianne Menglin Liu , Daniel W. Peterson , Anshul Mittal , Sujeeth Bharadwaj , Fahad Shah , Dan Roth

While large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of general-purpose agents, achieving robust generalization to unseen tasks remains a significant challenge. Current approaches typically rely on either fine-tuning or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Thomas Palmeira Ferraz , Romain Deffayet , Vassilina Nikoulina , Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Training sophisticated agents for optimal decision-making under uncertainty has been key to the rapid development of modern autonomous systems across fields. Notably, model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled decision-making agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Thomas Banker , Ali Mesbah

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Luca Gioacchini , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Kiril Gashteovski , David Friede , Roberto Bifulco , Carolin Lawrence

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate that chain-of-thought prompting and deep reasoning substantially enhance performance on complex tasks, and multi-agent systems can further improve accuracy by enabling model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Xigui Li , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating long, multi-step reasoning trajectories, but inference-time scaling incurs substantial deployment cost. A key challenge is that generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiwon Song , Yoongon Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks. Still, they face limitations in tasks requiring specific, structured knowledge, flexibility, or accountable decision-making.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kostas Hatalis , Despina Christou , Vyshnavi Kondapalli

Autonomous vehicle navigation in complex environments such as dense and fast-moving highways and merging scenarios remains an active area of research. A key limitation of RL is its reliance on well-specified reward functions, which often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Timur Anvar , Jeffrey Chen , Yuyan Wang , Rohan Chandra

Enterprise level data is often distributed across multiple sources and identifying the correct set-of data-sources with relevant information for a knowledge request is a fundamental challenge. In this work, we define the novel task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Priyangshu Mandal , Manasi Patwardhan , Mayur Patidar , Lovekesh Vig

In language tasks that require extensive human--model interaction, deploying a single "best" model for every query can be expensive. To reduce inference cost while preserving the quality of the responses, a large language model (LLM) router…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yichi Zhang , Fangzheng Xie , Shu Yang , Chong Wu

The growing number of Large Language Models (LLMs) with diverse capabilities and response styles provides users with a wider range of choices, which presents challenges in selecting appropriate LLMs, as user preferences vary in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhongjie Dai , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

As LLMs proliferate with diverse capabilities and costs, LLM routing has emerged by learning to predict each LLM's quality and cost for a given query, then selecting the one with high quality and low cost. However, existing routers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Jiarong Xing , Heng Huang

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in the table question answering (TQA) task through prompt engineering, they face challenges in industrial applications, including structural heterogeneity, difficulties in target data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sishi Xiong , Ziyang He , Zhongjiang He , Yu Zhao , Changzai Pan , Jie Zhang , Zhenhe Wu , Shuangyong Song , Yongxiang Li