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Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in sparse-reward environments where traditional exploration strategies fail to discover effective action sequences. Large Language Models (LLMs) possess procedural knowledge and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Vaibhav Jain , Gerrit Grossmann

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet the choice of which model to use often involves a trade-off between performance and cost. More powerful models, though effective, come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Isaac Ong , Amjad Almahairi , Vincent Wu , Wei-Lin Chiang , Tianhao Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , M Waleed Kadous , Ion Stoica

Large-language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful problem-solving capabilities, in particular when organized in multi-agent systems. However, the advent of such systems also raises several questions on the ability of a complex network…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Florian Grötschla , Luis Müller , Jan Tönshoff , Mikhail Galkin , Bryan Perozzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) were shown to struggle with long-term planning, which may be caused by the limited way in which they explore the space of possible solutions. We propose an architecture where a Reinforcement Learning (RL) Agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yoav Alon , Cristina David

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show significant potential for achieving high autonomy in various scenarios such as software development. Recent research has shown that LLM agents can leverage past experiences to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Chen Qian , Jiahao Li , Yufan Dang , Wei Liu , YiFei Wang , Zihao Xie , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Yingli Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multi-turn agent systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for software engineering tasks. While LLM agents demonstrate promising effectiveness, the high computational cost of input tokens due to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuan-An Xiao , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng , Yingfei Xiong

Large Language Model (LLM) workloads have distinct prefill and decode phases with different compute and memory requirements which should ideally be accounted for when scheduling input queries across different LLM instances in a cluster.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kunal Jain , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Esha Choukse , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Autonomous agents powered by language models (LMs) have demonstrated promise in their ability to perform decision-making tasks such as web automation. However, a key limitation remains: LMs, primarily optimized for natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jing Yu Koh , Stephen McAleer , Daniel Fried , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

With the continuous advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), intelligent agents are becoming increasingly vital. However, these agents often fail in environments governed by implicit rules--hidden constraints that cannot be observed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wentong Chen , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yaxi Lu , Siyuan Zhao , Yesai Wu , Qinyu Luo , Haotian Chen , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) with varying capabilities and costs has created a need for efficient model selection in AI systems. LLM routers address this need by dynamically choosing the most suitable model for a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zesen Zhao , Shuowei Jin , Z. Morley Mao

Results on existing LLM benchmarks capture little information over the model capabilities in low-resource tasks, making it difficult to develop effective solutions in these domains. To address these challenges, we curated 14 travel-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Srinivas Billa , Xiaonan Jing

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results in multilingual translation even with limited bilingual supervision. The major challenges are catastrophic forgetting and parameter interference for finetuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shaolin Zhu , Leiyu Pan , Bo Li , Deyi Xiong

Embodied exploration is a target-driven process that requires embodied agents to possess fine-grained perception and knowledge-enhanced decision making. While recent attempts leverage MLLMs for exploration due to their strong perceptual and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Gengyuan Zhang , Mingcong Ding , Jingpei Wu , Ruotong Liao , Volker Tresp

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have expanded the context window to beyond 128K tokens, enabling long-document understanding and multi-source reasoning. A key challenge, however, lies in choosing between retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yiwen Chen , Kuan Li , Fuzhen Zhuang , Deqing Wang , Zhao Zhang , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Shuai Wang , Minhao Cheng

Reasoning language models have demonstrated remarkable performance on many challenging tasks in math, science, and coding. Choosing the right reasoning model for practical deployment involves a performance and cost tradeoff at two key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nigel Fernandez , Branislav Kveton , Ryan A. Rossi , Andrew S. Lan , Zichao Wang

Simulating consumer decision-making is vital for designing and evaluating marketing strategies before costly real-world deployment. However, post-event analyses and rule-based agent-based models (ABMs) struggle to capture the complexity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Man-Lin Chu , Lucian Terhorst , Kadin Reed , Tom Ni , Weiwei Chen , Rongyu Lin

LLM routing has achieved promising results in integrating the strengths of diverse models while balancing efficiency and performance. However, to support more realistic and challenging applications, routing must extend into agentic LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tao Feng , Haozhen Zhang , Zijie Lei , Peixuan Han , Jiaxuan You

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in diverse multimodal tasks. However, user requirements vary across scenarios, which can be categorized into fast response, high-quality output, and low energy consumption. Relying solely on large models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Xin Tang , Youfang Han , Fangfei Gou , Wei Zhao , Xin Meng , Yang Yu , Jinguo Zhang , Yuanchun Shi , Yuntao Wang , Tengxiang Zhang

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong planning and decision-making capabilities in complex embodied environments. However, such agents often suffer from inefficiencies in multi-turn interactions, frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Siyi Cao , Xuebo Liu , Kanjian Zhang , Jinxia Zhang , Dacheng Tao

The rapid development of AI agent systems is leading to an emerging Internet of Agents, where specialized agents operate across local devices, edge nodes, private services, and cloud platforms. Although recent efforts have improved agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yujun Cheng , Enfang Cui , Hao Qin , Zhiyuan Liang , Qi Xu
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