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The article introduces a method to learn dynamical systems that are governed by Euler--Lagrange equations from data. The method is based on Gaussian process regression and identifies continuous or discrete Lagrangians and is, therefore,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Christian Offen

In this paper, we propose Lagrangian Gaussian Processes (LGPs) for probabilistic and data-efficient learning of dynamics via discrete forced Euler-Lagrange equations. Importantly, the geometric structure of the Lagrange-d'Alembert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jan-Hendrik Ewering , Kathrin Flaßkamp , Niklas Wahlström , Thomas B. Schön , Thomas Seel

By one of the most fundamental principles in physics, a dynamical system will exhibit those motions which extremise an action functional. This leads to the formation of the Euler-Lagrange equations, which serve as a model of how the system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yana Lishkova , Paul Scherer , Steffen Ridderbusch , Mateja Jamnik , Pietro Liò , Sina Ober-Blöbaum , Christian Offen

The article shows how to learn models of dynamical systems from data which are governed by an unknown variational PDE. Rather than employing reduction techniques, we learn a discrete field theory governed by a discrete Lagrangian density…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-03 Christian Offen , Sina Ober-Blöbaum

We show how to learn discrete field theories from observational data of fields on a space-time lattice. For this, we train a neural network model of a discrete Lagrangian density such that the discrete Euler--Lagrange equations are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Christian Offen , Sina Ober-Blöbaum

We introduce a data-driven method for learning the equations of motion of mechanical systems directly from position measurements, without requiring access to velocity data. This is particularly relevant in system identification tasks where…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Martine Dyring Hansen , Elena Celledoni , Benjamin Kwanen Tapley

The goal of this paper is to develop energy-preserving variational integrators for time-dependent mechanical systems with forcing. We first present the Lagrange-d'Alembert principle in the extended Lagrangian mechanics framework and derive…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Harsh Sharma , Mayuresh Patil , Craig Woolsey

Learning and predicting the dynamics of physical systems requires a profound understanding of the underlying physical laws. Recent works on learning physical laws involve generalizing the equation discovery frameworks to the discovery of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-11 Tapas Tripura , Souvik Chakraborty

We consider the problem of forecasting complex, nonlinear space-time processes when observations provide only partial information of on the system's state. We propose a natural data-driven framework, where the system's dynamics are modelled…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Ibrahim Ayed , Emmanuel de Bézenac , Arthur Pajot , Julien Brajard , Patrick Gallinari

The energy shaping method, Controlled Lagrangian, is a well-known approach to stabilize the under-actuated Euler Lagrange (EL) systems. In this approach, to construct a control rule, some nonlinear, nonhomogeneous partial differential…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-06 Huseyin Alpaslan Yildiz , Leyla Goren-Sumer

Employing a phase space which includes the (Riemann-Liouville) fractional derivative of curves evolving on real space, we develop a restricted variational principle for Lagrangian systems yielding the so-called restricted fractional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-03-01 Fernando Jiménez , Sina Ober-Blöbaum

A complete understanding of physical systems requires models that are accurate and obeys natural conservation laws. Recent trends in representation learning involve learning Lagrangian from data rather than the direct discovery of governing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-10 Tapas Tripura , Souvik Chakraborty

Lagrangian averaging plays an important role in the analysis of wave--mean-flow interactions and other multiscale fluid phenomena. The numerical computation of Lagrangian means, e.g. from simulation data, is however challenging. Typical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-04-26 Hossein A. Kafiabad , Jacques Vanneste

Lagrangian averaging is a valuable tool for the analysis and modelling of multiscale processes in fluid dynamics. The numerical computation of Lagrangian (time) averages from simulation data is challenging, however. It can be carried out by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-23 Abhijeet Minz , Lois E. Baker , Hossein A. Kafiabad , Jacques Vanneste

Model-based paradigms for decision-making and control are becoming ubiquitous in robotics. They rely on the ability to efficiently learn a model of the system from data. Structured Mechanical Models (SMMs) are a data-efficient black-box…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Kunal Menda , Jayesh K. Gupta , Zachary Manchester , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Most physical systems are modelled by an ordinary or a partial differential equation, like the n-body problem in celestial mechanics. In some cases, for example when studying the long term behaviour of the solar system or for complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Jacky Cresson , Sébastien Darses

Embedding parameterized optimization problems as layers into machine learning architectures serves as a powerful inductive bias. Training such architectures with stochastic gradient descent requires care, as degenerate derivatives of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Anselm Paulus , Georg Martius , Vít Musil

This paper presents an Euler--Lagrange system for a continuous-time model of the accelerated gradient methods in smooth convex optimization and proposes an associated Lyapunov-function-based convergence analysis framework. Recently,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Mitsuru Toyoda , Akatsuki Nishioka , Mirai Tanaka

There is a growing attention given to utilizing Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics with network training in order to incorporate physics into the network. Most commonly, conservative systems are modeled, in which there are no frictional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Veera Sundararaghavan , Megna N. Shah , Jeff P. Simmons

Stable concurrent learning and control of dynamical systems is the subject of adaptive control. Despite being an established field with many practical applications and a rich theory, much of the development in adaptive control for nonlinear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Nicholas M. Boffi , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine
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