English
Related papers

Related papers: Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architectu…

200 papers

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, exemplified by OpenClaw, demonstrate remarkable capabilities in executing complex, long-horizon tasks. However, their tightly coupled instant-messaging interaction paradigm and high-privilege…

This chapter argues that the reliability of agentic and generative AI is chiefly an architectural property. We define agentic systems as goal-directed, tool-using decision makers operating in closed loops, and show how reliability emerges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Sławomir Nowaczyk

With AI agents increasingly deployed as long-running systems, it becomes essential to autonomously construct and continuously evolve customized software to enable interaction within dynamic environments. Yet, existing benchmarks evaluate…

The safety of autonomous AI agents is increasingly recognized as a critical open problem. As agents transition from passive text generators to active actors capable of executing shell commands, modifying files, calling APIs, and browsing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ashwin Aravind

Real-world software engineering tasks require coding agents that can operate on massive repositories, sustain long-horizon sessions, and reliably coordinate complex toolchains at test time. Existing research-grade coding agents offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Sherman Wong , Zhenting Qi , Zhaodong Wang , Nathan Hu , Samuel Lin , Jun Ge , Erwin Gao , Wenlin Chen , Yilun Du , Minlan Yu , Ying Zhang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has driven breakthroughs in domains such as math, tool-use, and software engineering, yet its extension to computer-use agents (CUAs) has been bottlenecked by the scarcity of scalable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bowen Wang , Dunjie Lu , Junli Wang , Tianyi Bai , Shixuan Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Haiquan Wang , Hao Hu , Tianbao Xie , Shuai Bai , Dayiheng Liu , Que Shen , Junyang Lin , Tao Yu

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Enterprise agents are increasingly expected to operate autonomously across tools and interfaces, yet production deployments require governance by construction. Systems must specify which actions are allowed, when human oversight is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Segev Shlomov , Iftach Shoham , Alon Oved , Ido Levy , Sami Marreed , Harold Ship , Offer Akrabi , Sergey Zeltyn , Avi Yaeli , Nir Mashkif

Computer-using agents (CUAs) act directly on graphical user interfaces, yet their perception of the screen is often unreliable. Existing work largely treats these failures as performance limitations, asking whether an action succeeds,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Andy Luo , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

Large language model (LLM)-based agents that reason, plan, and act through tools, memory, and structured interaction are emerging as a promising paradigm for automating complex workflows. Recent systems such as OpenClaw and Claude Code…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yingli Zhou , Wang Shu , Yaodong Su , Wenchuan Du , Yixiang Fang , Xuemin Lin

As AI systems gain increasing autonomy and execution capability, the number of discovered security vulnerabilities continues to rise. However, many of these vulnerabilities are not fundamentally novel, but instead reflect recurring classes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kevin Eykholt , Dhilung Kirat , Xiaokui Shu , Jiyong Jang , Frederico Araujo , Ian Molloy

Computer use agents (CUA) are systems that automatically interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete tasks. CUA have made significant progress with the advent of large vision-language models (VLMs). However, these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Man Luo , David Cobbley , Xin Su , Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Shao-Yen Tseng , Phillip Howard

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled computer use agents (CUAs) that operate GUIs autonomously, showing great potential, yet progress is limited by the lack of large-scale, open-source computer use data and foundation models. In this…

Computer Using Agents (CUAs) are increasingly equipped with external tools, enabling them to perform complex and realistic tasks. For CUAs to operate effectively, application selection, which refers to deciding which application to use…

Continual memory augmentation lets computer-using agents (CUAs) learn from prior interactions, but unvetted memories can encode domain-inappropriate or unsafe heuristics--spurious rules that drift from user intent and safety constraints. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Thong Q. Nguyen , Shubhang Desai , Raja Hasnain Anwar , Firoz Shaik , Vishwas Suryanarayanan , Vishal Chowdhary

Tool-integrated LLMs can retrieve, compute, and take real-world actions via external tools, but reliability remains a key bottleneck. We argue that failures stem from both tool-use accuracy (how well an agent invokes a tool) and intrinsic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hy Dang , Quang Dao , Meng Jiang

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit significant vulnerability to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks. These attacks hijack agent behavior by polluting external information sources, exploiting fundamental trade-offs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhibo Liang , Tianze Hu , Zaiye Chen , Mingjie Tang

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

(M)LLM-powered computer use agents (CUA) are emerging as a transformative technique to automate human-computer interaction. However, existing CUA benchmarks predominantly target GUI agents, whose evaluation methods are susceptible to UI…

Unlike traditional automation tools or static LLM-based systems, agents combine decision-making and tool utilization to accomplish complex tasks, showing great potential in software engineering. However, existing studies largely focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhuowen Yin , Cuifeng Gao , Chunsong Fan , Wenzhang Yang , Yinxing Xue , Lijun Zhang