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As a means to solve optimization problems using quantum computers, the problem is typically recast into a Ising spin model whose ground-state is the solution of the optimization problem. An alternative to the Ising formulation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Martin Lanthaler , Wolfgang Lechner

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) is a promising optical hardware solver for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems with dense interactions. As the SPIM can represent Ising problems with rank-one coupling matrices,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-03 Hiroshi Yamashita , Hideyuki Suzuki

Annealing machines specialized for combinatorial optimization problems have been developed, and some companies offer services to use those machines. Such specialized machines can only handle binary variables, and their input format is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Yuki Furue , Makiko Konoshima , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

Quantum Annealing (QA) can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems whose objective functions are represented by Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations. For broader applicability of QA, quadratization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Hyakka Nakada , Shu Tanaka

The peptide-protein docking problem is an important problem in structural biology that facilitates rational and efficient drug design. In this work, we explore modeling and solving this problem with the quantum-amenable quadratic…

Satisfiability Modulo Counting (SMC) is a recently proposed general language to reason about problems integrating statistical and symbolic Artificial Intelligence. An SMC problem is an extended SAT problem in which the truth values of a few…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Jinzhao Li , Nan Jiang , Yexiang Xue

Optimisation algorithms designed to work on quantum computers or other specialised hardware have been of research interest in recent years. Many of these solver can only optimise problems that are in binary and quadratic form. Quadratic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-23 Mayowa Ayodele

We present a new family of zero-field Ising models over N binary variables/spins obtained by consecutive "gluing" of planar and $O(1)$-sized components along with subsets of at most three vertices into a tree. The polynomial time algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Valerii Likhosherstov , Yury Maximov , Michael Chertkov

The broad applicability of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) constitutes a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and are a required format for gate array and quantum annealing computers.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis

Solving combinatorial optimization problems of the kind that can be codified by quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is a promising application of quantum computation. Some problems of this class suitable for practical…

The Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) problem, a variant of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, plays a critical role in integrated circuit design and verification. However, existing SAT solvers, optimized for Conjunctive Normal Form…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhengyuan Shi , Tiebing Tang , Jiaying Zhu , Sadaf Khan , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

We approach the task of computing a carefully synchronizing word of minimum length for a given partial deterministic automaton, encoding the problem as an instance of SAT and invoking a SAT solver. Our experimental results demonstrate that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Hanan Shabana , Mikhail V. Volkov

Many important quantities of interest are only partially identified from observable data: the data can limit them to a set of plausible values, but not uniquely determine them. This paper develops a unified framework for covariate-assisted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-15 Eli Ben-Michael

When solving a combinatorial problem using propositional satisfiability (SAT), the encoding of the problem is of vital importance. We study encodings of Pseudo-Boolean (PB) constraints, a common type of arithmetic constraint that appears in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Miquel Bofill , Jordi Coll , Peter Nightingale , Josep Suy , Felix Ulrich-Oltean , Mateu Villaret

Moving beyond simple associations, researchers need tools to quantify how variables influence each other in space and time. Correlation functions provide a mathematical framework for characterizing these essential dependencies, revealing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-15 Henrique A. de Lima , Ismael S. S. Carrasco , Marcio Santos , Fernando A. Oliveira

The growing challenges of scaling digital computing motivate new approaches, especially through the dynamical evolution of physical systems that mimic neural networks and combinatorial optimization problems. While light is a hyper efficient…

We present QUBOLite, a Python package for the creation, manipulation, analysis, and solution of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) instances. Built as a thin wrapper around NumPy arrays, QUBOLite combines efficient numerical…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sascha Mücke , Thore Gerlach , Nico Piatkowski , Lukas Theißinger

Sorting networks are oblivious sorting algorithms with many practical applications and rich theoretical properties. Propositional encodings of sorting networks are a key tool for proving concrete bounds on the minimum number of comparators…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-17 José A. R. Fonollosa

We present a new family of zero-field Ising models over $N$ binary variables/spins obtained by consecutive "gluing" of planar and $O(1)$-sized components and subsets of at most three vertices into a tree. The polynomial-time algorithm of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Valerii Likhosherstov , Yury Maximov , Michael Chertkov

Concurrent Constraint Programming (CCP) is a simple and powerful model for concurrency where agents interact by telling and asking constraints. Since their inception, CCP-languages have been designed for having a strong connection to logic.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Elaine Pimentel , Carlos Olarte , Vivek Nigam