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It is imperative to compile quantum circuits for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices because of the limited connectivity of physical qubits and the high error rates of gate operations. One of the most critical steps in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Soshun Naito , Yoshihiko Hasegawa , Yoshiki Matsuda , Shu Tanaka

Ising Machines are emerging hardware architectures that efficiently solve NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. Generally, combinatorial problems are transformed into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, but this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chirag Garg , Sayeef Salahuddin

Ising machines, including quantum annealing machines, are promising next-generation computers for combinatorial optimization problems. However, due to hardware limitations, most Ising-type hardware can only solve objective functions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-29 Kazuki Ikeuchi , Yoshiki Matsuda , Shu Tanaka

Linear integer constraints are one of the most important constraints in combinatorial problems since they are commonly found in many practical applications. Typically, encodings to Boolean satisfiability (SAT) format of conjunctive normal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Ignasi Abío , Valentin Mayer-Eichberger , Peter Stuckey

3SAT instances need to be transformed into instances of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) to be solved on a quantum annealer. Although it has been shown that the choice of the 3SAT-to-QUBO transformation can impact the…

Modern quantum annealers can find high-quality solutions to combinatorial optimisation objectives given as quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation (QUBO) problems. Unfortunately, obtaining suitable QUBO forms in computer vision remains…

Classical planning problems are typically defined using lifted first-order representations, which offer compactness and generality. While most planners ground these representations to simplify reasoning, this can cause an exponential blowup…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 João Filipe , Gregor Behnke

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) provides problem formulations for various computational problems that can be solved with dedicated QUBO solvers, which can be based on classical or quantum computation. A common approach to…

Optimization problems such as the NP-complete 3-SAT provide an important benchmark for the difficult task of finding ground-states in strongly correlated many-body systems with rugged energy landscapes. The study of random 3-SAT problems as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-21 J. Schwardt , J. C. Budich

We introduce the reinforcement quantum annealing (RQA) scheme in which an intelligent agent interacts with a quantum annealer that plays the stochastic environment role of learning automata and tries to iteratively find better Ising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-03 Ramin Ayanzadeh , Milton Halem , Tim Finin

Nature-inspired computation is receiving increasing attention. Various Ising machine implementations have recently been proven to be effective in solving numerous combinatorial optimization problems including maximum cut, low density parity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ahmet Yusuf Salim , Bart Selman , Henry Kautz , Zeljko Ignjatovic , Selçuk Köse

We propose an algorithm inspired by optical coherent Ising machines to solve the problem of polynomial unconstrained binary optimization (PUBO). We benchmark the proposed algorithm against existing PUBO algorithms on the extended…

In the last two decades, modal and description logics have been applied to numerous areas of computer science, including knowledge representation, formal verification, database theory, distributed computing and, more recently, semantic web…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Roberto Sebastiani , Michele Vescovi

On the one hand, Constraint Satisfaction Problems allow one to declaratively model problems. On the other hand, propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) solvers can handle huge SAT instances. We thus present a technique to declaratively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy , Broderick Crawford , Ricardo Soto

Combinatorial optimization problems play a central role in computer science with many real world applications. A number of relevant problems remain computationally difficult to solve as they lie in the NP-hard complexity class. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Kapil Goswami , Peter Schmelcher

Satisfiability Testing (SAT) techniques are well-established in classical computing where they are used to solve a broad variety of problems, e.g., in the design of classical circuits and systems. Analogous to the classical realm, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lucas Berent , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers are widely used in hardware verification, cryptanalysis, automatic test-pattern generation, and side-channel reasoning workflows. Modern conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) solvers are highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Melki Bino

We aim to create the highest possible quality of treatment-control matches for categorical data in the potential outcomes framework. Matching methods are heavily used in the social sciences due to their interpretability, but most matching…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-11 Yameng Liu , Aw Dieng , Sudeepa Roy , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

In this paper, we introduce three QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) relaxations for the sparsest $k$-subgraph (SkS) problem: a quadratic penalty relaxation, a Lagrangian relaxation, and an augmented Lagrangian relaxation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Omkar Bihani , Roman Kužel , Janez Povh , Dunja Pucher

We solve a model that has basic features that are desired for quantum annealing computations: entanglement in the ground state, controllable annealing speed, ground state energy separated by a gap during the whole evolution, and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Fuxiang Li , V. Y. Chernyak , N. A. Sinitsyn