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Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer faster generation than autoregressive models while maintaining comparable quality, but existing watermarking methods fail on them due to their non-sequential decoding. Unlike autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Linyu Wu , Linhao Zhong , Wenjie Qu , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Shengfang Zhai , Chunhua Shen , Jiaheng Zhang

Auto-regressive models (ARMs) have established a dominant paradigm in language modeling. However, their strictly sequential decoding paradigm imposes fundamental constraints on both inference efficiency and modeling flexibility. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuyan Zhou , Kai Syun Hou , Weiyu Chen , James Kwok

Discrete diffusion models are a new class of text generators that offer advantages such as bidirectional context use, parallelizable generation, and flexible prompting compared to autoregressive models. However, a critical limitation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Andrew Zhang , Anushka Sivakumar , Chiawei Tang , Chris Thomas

Diffusion models have exhibited substantial success in text-to-image generation. However, they often encounter challenges when dealing with complex and dense prompts involving multiple objects, attribute binding, and long descriptions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Mushui Liu , Yuhang Ma , Yang Zhen , Jun Dan , Yunlong Yu , Zeng Zhao , Zhipeng Hu , Bai Liu , Changjie Fan

Diffusion-based language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive LLMs by enabling parallel token generation and significantly reducing inference latency. However, existing sampling strategies for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Qingyan Wei , Yaojie Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Puyu Zeng , Yuxuan Wang , Biqing Qi , Dongrui Liu , Linfeng Zhang

Discrete diffusion language models (DDLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising categorical token sequences, while recent drifting methods for continuous generators suggest that part of this sampling-time correction can instead be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daisuke Oba , Hiroki Furuta , Naoaki Okazaki

Modern language models have historically relied on two dominant design choices: subword tokenization and autoregressive (AR) ordering. These design decisions bake in priors that dictate a model's learning. Recently, two alternative…

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver

Autoregressive language models dominate modern text generation, yet their sequential nature introduces fundamental limitations: decoding is slow, and maintaining global coherence remains challenging. Diffusion models offer a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Viacheslav Meshchaninov , Egor Chimbulatov , Alexander Shabalin , Aleksandr Abramov , Dmitry Vetrov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced text understanding and generation, becoming integral to applications across education, software development, healthcare, entertainment, and legal services. Despite considerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Junzhe Yu , Yi Liu , Huijia Sun , Ling Shi , Yuqi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) apply uniform computation to all tokens, despite language exhibiting highly non-uniform information density. This token-uniform regime wastes capacity on locally predictable spans while under-allocating…

Recent advances in neural text-to-speech (TTS) models bring thousands of TTS applications into daily life, where models are deployed in cloud to provide services for customs. Among these models are diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs),…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Jie Chen , Xingchen Song , Zhendong Peng , Binbin Zhang , Fuping Pan , Zhiyong Wu

This paper shows how diffusion language models (DLMs) can be used as effective and efficient retrievers. Existing DLM-based retrievers (e.g., DiffEmbed) follow BERT-style encoding, representing each query or passage as a single mean-pooled…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuai Wang , Yu Yin , Shengyao Zhuang , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Diffusion language models (dLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm that enables parallel, non-autoregressive generation, but their learning efficiency lags behind that of autoregressive (AR) language models when trained from scratch. To…

Autoregressive large language models achieve strong results on many benchmarks, but decoding remains fundamentally latency-limited by sequential dependence on previously generated tokens. Diffusion language models (DLMs) promise parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yihao Liang , Ze Wang , Hao Chen , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Jiang Liu , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu , Niraj K. Jha

Diffusion language models offer a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their global, non-causal generation process, but their continuous latent dynamics make discrete constraints -- e.g., the output should be a JSON file…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jinwoo Kim , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Loris D'Antoni

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive generation by enabling parallel token prediction. However, practical dLLM decoding still suffers from high inference latency, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenbang Du , Kejing Xia , Xinrui Zhong , Yonggan Fu , Nicolai Oswald , Binfei Ji , Brucek Khailany , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Lin

The Stop-Think-AutoRegress Language Diffusion Model (STAR-LDM) integrates latent diffusion planning with autoregressive generation. Unlike conventional autoregressive language models limited to token-by-token decisions, STAR-LDM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Justin Lovelace , Christian Belardi , Sofian Zalouk , Adhitya Polavaram , Srivatsa Kundurthy , Kilian Q. Weinberger

We introduce replacing language model (RLM), a sequence-to-sequence language modeling framework for text style transfer (TST). Our method autoregressively replaces each token of the source sentence with a text span that has a similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Pengyu Cheng , Ruineng Li

The prevailing assumption of an exponential decay in large language model (LLM) reliability with sequence length, predicated on independent per-token error probabilities, posits an inherent limitation for long autoregressive outputs. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mikhail L. Arbuzov , Sisong Bei , Ziwei Dong , Dmitri Kalaev , Alexey A. Shvets