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Long-horizon tasks, usually characterized by complex subtask dependencies, present a significant challenge in manipulation planning. Skill chaining is a practical approach to solving unseen tasks by combining learned skill priors. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Utkarsh A. Mishra , Shangjie Xue , Yongxin Chen , Danfei Xu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents (e.g., OpenClaw) increasingly rely on reusable skill libraries to solve artifact-rich tasks such as document-centric workflows and data-intensive analysis. As these libraries grow, a few works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiangcheng Meng , Shu Wang , Yixiang Fang

Recently, skills have been widely adopted in large language model (LLM)-based agent systems across various domains. In existing frameworks, skills are typically injected into the agent reasoning loop as contextual guidance once matched to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Duling Xu , Zheng Chen , Zaifeng Pan , Jiawei Guan , Dong Dong , Jialin Li , Bangzheng Pu

Most Large Language Model (LLM) agent memory systems rely on a small set of static, hand-designed operations for extracting memory. These fixed procedures hard-code human priors about what to store and how to revise memory, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haozhen Zhang , Quanyu Long , Jianzhu Bao , Tao Feng , Weizhi Zhang , Haodong Yue , Wenya Wang

Agentic RL can benefit substantially from reusable experience, yet existing skill-based methods mainly extract trajectory-level guidance and often lack principled mechanisms for maintaining an evolving skill memory. We propose D2Skill, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Songjun Tu , Chengdong Xu , Qichao Zhang , Yaocheng Zhang , Xiangyuan Lan , Linjing Li , Dong Li , Dongbin Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into agentic problem solvers, they increasingly rely on external, reusable skills to handle tasks beyond their native parametric capabilities. In existing agent systems, the dominant strategy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Weihang Su , Jianming Long , Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Yiteng Tu , Yiqun Liu

Collective Perception has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its advantage for mitigating occlusion and expanding the field-of-view, thereby enhancing reliability, efficiency, and, most crucially, decision-making safety.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yunshuang Yuan , Monika Sester

Text-to-SQL ensembles improve over single-candidate generation by drawing multiple SQL candidates and selecting one, but their effectiveness is bounded by Pass@K, the probability that at least one of K candidates is correct. Existing…

AI agents can extend their capabilities at inference time by loading reusable skills into context, yet equipping an agent with too many skills, particularly irrelevant ones, degrades performance. As community-driven skill repositories grow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Fangzhou Li , Pagkratios Tagkopoulos , Ilias Tagkopoulos

As LLM agents are increasingly deployed with large libraries of reusable skills, selecting the right skill for a user request has become a critical systems challenge. In small libraries, users may invoke skills explicitly by name, but this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongcheol Cho , Ryangkyung Kang , Youngeun Kim

Large language model (LLM)-based agents that reason, plan, and act through tools, memory, and structured interaction are emerging as a promising paradigm for automating complex workflows. Recent systems such as OpenClaw and Claude Code…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yingli Zhou , Wang Shu , Yaodong Su , Wenchuan Du , Yixiang Fang , Xuemin Lin

Large language model (LLM) agents rely on reusable skills to solve complex tasks. However, existing skill creation approaches treat skills as isolated and static artifacts, limiting their reusability, reliability, and long-term improvement.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Huawei Lin , Peng Li , Jie Song , Fuxin Jiang , Tieying Zhang

The rise of AI agent frameworks has introduced agent skills, modular packages containing instructions and executable code that dynamically extend agent capabilities. While this architecture enables powerful customization, skills execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yi Liu , Weizhe Wang , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Guangquan Xu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Zhang

Computational materials science and chemistry span vast knowledge domains and fractured software ecosystems. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated research capabilities, scaling monolithic agents to manage the rigor and…

LLM agents acting in structured environments fail in operational rather than conversational ways, and reliability depends on procedural knowledge of the environment. Prior self-improvement methods accumulate natural-language guidance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Johannes Moll , Jean-Philippe Corbeil , Jiazhen Pan , Martin Hadamitzky , Daniel Rueckert , Lisa Adams , Keno Bressem

While skill-centric approaches leverage foundation models to enhance generalization in compositional tasks, they often rely on fixed skill libraries, limiting adaptability to new tasks without manual intervention. To address this, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Senwei Xie , Yuntian Zhang , Ruiping Wang , Xilin Chen

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly act inside real workspaces, where tools and skills determine whether model reasoning becomes reliable action. Existing skills remain largely informal: Markdown skills and instruction packs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xi Zhang , Meijun Gao , Yuntian Zhao , Xinyu Tan , Yilun Yao , Feiyu Wang , Yanshu Wang , Dingsiyi , Tong Yang

While imitation learning has shown impressive results in single-task robot manipulation, scaling it to multi-task settings remains a fundamental challenge due to issues such as suboptimal demonstrations, trajectory noise, and behavioral…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yihang Zhu , Weiqing Wang , Shijie Wu , Ye Shi , Jingya Wang

The learning efficiency and generalization ability of an intelligent agent can be greatly improved by utilizing a useful set of skills. However, the design of robot skills can often be intractable in real-world applications due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Kuan Fang , Yuke Zhu , Silvio Savarese , Li Fei-Fei

Enabling continual learning in LLMs remains a key unresolved research challenge. In a recent announcement, a frontier LLM company made a step towards this by introducing Agent Skills, a framework that equips agents with new knowledge based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 David Schmotz , Sahar Abdelnabi , Maksym Andriushchenko