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Approval of ADS depends on evaluating its behavior within representative real-world traffic scenarios. A common way to obtain such scenarios is to extract them from real-world data recordings. These can then be grouped and serve as basis on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niklas Roßberg , Sinan Hasirlioglu , Mohamed Essayed Bouzouraa , Wolfgang Utschick , Michael Botsch

Scenario-based testing is a promising approach to solve the challenge of proving the safe behavior of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems. Since an infinite number of concrete scenarios can theoretically occur in real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Nico Weber , Christoph Thiem , Ulrich Konigorski

Simulation is a crucial step in ensuring accurate, efficient, and realistic Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) testing and validation. As the adoption of CAV accelerates, the integration of real-world data into simulation environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Junwei You , Pei Li , Yang Cheng , Keshu Wu , Rui Gan , Steven T. Parker , Bin Ran

How to generate testing scenario libraries for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is a major challenge faced by the industry. In previous studies, to evaluate maneuver challenge of a scenario, surrogate models (SMs) are often used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Haowei Sun , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

Multi-modal behaviors exhibited by surrounding vehicles (SVs) can typically lead to traffic congestion and reduce the travel efficiency of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in dense traffic. This paper proposes a real-time parallel trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Lei Zheng , Rui Yang , Zengqi Peng , Haichao Liu , Michael Yu Wang , Jun Ma

Recent developments in language models have created new opportunities in air traffic control studies. The current focus is primarily on text and language-based use cases. However, these language models may offer a higher potential impact in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Justas Andriuškevičius , Junzi Sun

Testing of autonomous systems is extremely important as many of them are both safety-critical and security-critical. The architecture and mechanism of such systems are fundamentally different from traditional control software, which appears…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

Testing autonomous driving systems for safety and reliability is extremely complex. A primary challenge is identifying the relevant test scenarios, especially the critical ones that may expose hazards or risks of harm to autonomous vehicles…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are now operating on public roads, which makes their testing and validation more critical than ever. Simulation offers a safe and controlled environment for evaluating AV performance in varied conditions. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Saeed Rahmani , Shiva Rasouli , Daphne Cornelisse , Eugene Vinitsky , Bart van Arem , Simeon C. Calvert

Ensuring validation for highly automated driving poses significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of highly automated vehicles. Scenario-based testing offers a potential solution by reducing the homologation effort required for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Maximilian Zipfl , Moritz Jarosch , J. Marius Zöllner

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) requires rigorous testing in safety-critical scenarios for safety validation, yet its validation is hindered by the high cost of field testing and the lack of fidelity in current simulations for rare safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongyi Zhao , Shuo Wang , Qijie He , Ziyuan Pu

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AV) requires rigorous testing under both everyday driving and rare, safety-critical conditions. A key challenge lies in simulating environment agents, including background vehicles (BVs) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qiujing Lu , Xuanhan Wang , Runze Yuan , Wei Lu , Xinyi Gong , Shuo Feng

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must be both safe and trustworthy to gain social acceptance and become a viable option for everyday public transportation. Explanations about the system behaviour can increase safety and trust in AVs.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dominik Grundt , Ishan Saxena , Malte Petersen , Bernd Westphal , Eike Möhlmann

Testing Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in simulation with realistic driving scenarios is important for verifying their performance. However, converting real-world driving videos into simulation scenarios is a significant challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yan Miao , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Hideki Okamoto , Danil Prokhorov , Sayan Mitra

Traffic congestion is a major challenge in modern urban settings. The industry-wide development of autonomous and automated vehicles (AVs) motivates the question of how can AVs contribute to congestion reduction. Past research has shown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Jiaxun Cui , William Macke , Harel Yedidsion , Daniel Urieli , Peter Stone

Self-driving software pipelines include components that are learned from a significant number of training examples, yet it remains challenging to evaluate the overall system's safety and generalization performance. Together with scaling up…

The collective behavior of human-driven vehicles (HVs) produces the well-known stop-and-go waves potentially leading to higher fuel consumption and emissions. This paper investigates the stabilization of traffic flow via a minimum number of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 MirSaleh Bahavarnia , Ahmad F. Taha

Simulation of conflict situations for autonomous driving research is crucial for understanding and managing interactions between Automated Vehicles (AVs) and human drivers. This paper presents a set of exemplary conflict scenarios in CARLA…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Tsvetomila Mihaylova , Stefan Reitmann , Elin A. Topp , Ville Kyrki

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) provide the most intriguing opportunity to optimize energy consumption and travel time. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature that allow CAVs to coordinate in situations where there…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-11 A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Andreas A. Malikopoulos , Liuhui Zhao

Traffic simulation is an efficient and cost-effective way to test Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) in a complex and dynamic environment. Numerous studies have been conducted for AV evaluation using traffic simulation over the past decades.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Pei Li , Arpan Kusari , David J. LeBlanc