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Multi-turn tool-calling LLMs (models capable of invoking external APIs or tools across several user turns) have emerged as a key feature in modern AI assistants, enabling extended dialogues from benign tasks to critical business, medical,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Daud Waqas , Aaryamaan Golthi , Erika Hayashida , Huanzhi Mao

Absorption, scattering, and turbulence experienced in underwater channels severely limit the range of quantum communications. In this paper, to overcome range limitations, we investigate a multi-hop underwater quantum key distribution (QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Amir Hossein Fahim Raouf , Majid Safari , Murat Uysal

Hyperledger Fabric is a prominent and flexible solution for building permissioned distributed ledger platforms. Access control and identity management relies on a Membership Service Provider (MSP) whose cryptographic interface only handles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Amelia Holcomb , Geovandro C. C. F. Pereira , Bhargav Das , Michele Mosca

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) offers flexibility and innovation but introduces unique security vulnerabilities, particularly from cryptographically relevant quantum computers. While Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is the primary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Neha Gupta , Hamed Alimohammadi , Mohammad Shojafar , De Mi , Muhammad N. M. Bhutta

To accommodate classical communication systems with progressively increasing transmission rates, quantum access networks (QAN) have undergone systematic and protocol-level optimizations in recent years, where quantum passive optical network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 H. W. Yin , B. D. Zhu , H. Peng , T. Wang , X. Q. Jiang , Y. K. Xu , G. H. Zeng

Lightweight cryptography is a novel diversion from conventional cryptography that targets internet-of-things (IoT) platform due to resource constraints. In comparison, it offers smaller cryptographic primitives such as shorter key sizes,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Nilupulee A. Gunathilake , Ahmed Al-Dubai , William J. Buchanan , Owen Lo

Quantum key distribution, initialized in 1984, is a commercialized secure communication method which enables two parties to produce shared random secret key by the nature of quantum mechanics. We propose QQUIC (Quantum assisted Quick UDP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Peng Yan , Nengkun Yu

In the current digital security ecosystem, where threats evolve rapidly and with complexity, companies developing Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions are in constant search for innovations that not only keep up but also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Helvio Carvalho Junior

With the ever-growing concern for internet security, the field of quantum cryptography emerges as a promising solution for enhancing the security of networking systems. In this paper, 20 notable papers from leading conferences and journals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Mst Shapna Akter

Quantum machine learning (QML) is moving from research prototypes to deployed cloud services. As QML enters regulated industries, the integrity of the quantum stage becomes a practical concern on two fronts: noisy hardware drifts at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Esra Yeniaras

This paper presents a hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, to generate a key for authentication and optionally for encryption in a network. One or more trusted servers distribute streams of entangled photons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Richard Kuhn

Agentic AI systems introduce a security surface that is qualitatively different from that of stateless LLMs. They persist memory, invoke external tools, coordinate with peer agents, and operate across sessions, allowing attacks to emerge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kexin Chu

Ring signatures are a powerful primitive that allows a member to sign on behalf of a group, without revealing their identity. Recently, ring signatures have received additional attention as an ingredient for post-quantum deniable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Marvin Beckmann , Christian Majenz

Organisations are upgrading their cryptographic infrastructure to become quantum safe before large scale quantum computers materialise. Post quantum cryptography (PQC) standards now exist for key exchange and digital signatures, but the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Harish Balaji , Aarav Varshney , Prasanna Ravi , Sripal Jain , Robin Foe , Jorden Seet , Huaxiong Wang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Anupam Chattopadhyay

We show that a family of quantum authentication protocols introduced in [Barnum et al., FOCS 2002] can be used to construct a secure quantum channel and additionally recycle all of the secret key if the message is successfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-24 Christopher Portmann

We extend covert communication to the quantum regime by showing that covert quantum communication is possible over optical channels with noise arising either from the environment or from the sender's lab. In particular, we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Valerio Scarani

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on third-party API routers to dispatch tool-calling requests across multiple upstream providers. These routers operate as application-layer proxies with full plaintext access to every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hanzhi Liu , Chaofan Shou , Hongbo Wen , Yanju Chen , Ryan Jingyang Fang , Yu Feng

Recent years have seen a surge in the number of data leaks despite aggressive information-containment measures deployed by cloud providers. When attackers acquire sensitive data in a secure cloud environment, covert communication channels…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Dmitrii Ustiugov , Plamen Petrov , M. R. Siavash Katebzadeh , Boris Grot

The scalability of current quantum networks is limited due to noisy quantum components and high implementation costs, thereby limiting the security advantages that quantum networks provide over their classical counterparts. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

Existing microgrid communication relies on classical public key systems, which are vulnerable to attacks from quantum computers. This paper uses quantum key distribution (QKD) to solve these quantum-era microgrid challenges. Specifically,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Zefan Tang , Yanyuan Qin , Zimin Jiang , Walter O. Krawec , Peng Zhang