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Recent advances in language model (LM) agents and function calling have enabled autonomous, feedback-driven systems to solve problems across various digital domains. To better understand the unique limitations of LM agents, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Dhruv Gautam , Spandan Garg , Jinu Jang , Neel Sundaresan , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

In real-world data science and enterprise decision-making, critical information is often fragmented across directly queryable structured sources (e.g., SQL, CSV) and "zombie data" locked in unstructured visual documents (e.g., scanned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ruyi Qi , Zhou Liu , Wentao Zhang

Language-model agents are increasingly used as persistent coworkers that assist users across multiple working days. During such workflows, the surrounding environment may change independently of the agent: new emails arrive, calendar…

Current benchmarks for evaluating software engineering agents, such as SWE-Bench Verified, are predominantly derived from GitHub issues and fail to accurately reflect how developers interact with chat-based coding assistants in integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Spandan Garg , Benjamin Steenhoek , Yufan Huang

The development of LLM-based autonomous agents for end-to-end software development represents a significant paradigm shift in software engineering. However, the scientific evaluation of these systems is hampered by significant challenges,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zhengran Zeng , Yixin Li , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

With the integration of large language models (LLMs), embodied agents have strong capabilities to understand and plan complicated natural language instructions. However, a foreseeable issue is that those embodied agents can also flawlessly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sheng Yin , Xianghe Pang , Yuanzhuo Ding , Menglan Chen , Yutong Bi , Yichen Xiong , Wenhao Huang , Zhen Xiang , Jing Shao , Siheng Chen

Benchmarks are essential for unified evaluation and reproducibility. The rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence for Software Engineering (AI4SE) has produced numerous benchmarks for tasks such as code generation and bug repair. However, this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Roham Koohestani , Philippe de Bekker , Begüm Koç , Maliheh Izadi

Benchmarks of bugs are essential to empirically evaluate automatic program repair tools. In this paper, we present Bears, a project for collecting and storing bugs into an extensible bug benchmark for automatic repair studies in Java. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Fernanda Madeiral , Simon Urli , Marcelo Maia , Martin Monperrus

In the scenario-based evaluation of machine learning models, a key problem is how to construct test datasets that represent various scenarios. The methodology proposed in this paper is to construct a benchmark and attach metadata to each…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

As long-horizon coding agents produce more code than any developer can review, oversight collapses onto a single surface: the automated test suite. Reward hacking naturally arises in this setup, as the agent optimizes for passing tests…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Bingchen Zhao , Dhruv Srikanth , Yuxiang Wu , Zhengyao Jiang

Software testing is a crucial phase in the software life cycle, helping identify potential risks and reduce maintenance costs. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have proposed an increasing number of LLM-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Quanjun Zhang , Ye Shang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

Benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) have progressed from snippet-level function generation to repository-level issue resolution, yet they overwhelmingly target implementation correctness. Software architecture tasks remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Bassam Adnan , Aviral Gupta , Sreemaee Akshathala , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

Coding agents powered by large language models have shown impressive capabilities in software engineering tasks, but evaluating their performance across diverse programming languages and real-world scenarios remains challenging. We…

Open-source software supply chain security relies heavily on assessing affected versions of library vulnerabilities. While prior studies have leveraged exploits for verifying vulnerability affected versions, they point out a key limitation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zirui Chen , Qi Zhan , Jiayuan Zhou , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

Evolutionary transfer multiobjective optimization (ETMO) has been becoming a hot research topic in the field of evolutionary computation, which is based on the fact that knowledge learning and transfer across the related optimization…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Songbai Liu , Qiuzhen Lin , Kay Chen Tan , Qing Li

Behavioral studies of LLM-based software engineering agents extract operational rules about which trajectory shapes correlate with higher resolution rates: that a test step follows a code modification, that error cascades are short, or that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wei Ma , Zhi Chen , Jingxu Gu , Tianling Li , Shangqing Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Quality assurance (QA) tools are receiving more and more attention and are widely used by developers. Given the wide range of solutions for QA technology, it is still a question of evaluating QA tools. Most existing research is limited in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Han Liu , Sen Chen , Ruitao Feng , Chengwei Liu , Kaixuan Li , Zhengzi Xu , Liming Nie , Yang Liu , Yixiang Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown growing potential in software engineering, yet few benchmarks evaluate their ability to repair software during migration across instruction set architectures (ISAs). Cross-ISA migration, such as…

Instruction following is critical for LLMs deployed in enterprise and API-driven settings, where strict adherence to output formats, content constraints, and procedural requirements is essential for enabling reliable LLM-assisted workflows.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yunfan Zhang , Yijie Bei , Jetashree Ravi , Pawel Garbacki

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin
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