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Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models in a parameter-efficient manner is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency. LoRA is one of the most widely used methods, which assumes that the optimization process is essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Changqun Li , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to hallucinations and outdated parametric knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external corpora, its effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Su Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Yilin Xiao , Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Xiao Huang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is now the dominant method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but achieving a high-quality adapter often requires systematic hyperparameter tuning because LoRA performance is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jingwei Zuo , Xinze Feng , Zien Liu , Kaijian Wang , Fanjiang Ye , Ye Cao , Zhuang Wang , Yuke Wang

Personalized image generation requires effectively balancing content fidelity with stylistic consistency when synthesizing images based on text and reference examples. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers an efficient personalization approach,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yu Li , Yujun Cai , Chi Zhang

Low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) have revolutionized the finetuning of large foundation models, enabling efficient adaptation even with limited computational resources. The resulting proliferation of LoRAs presents exciting opportunities for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Theo Putterman , Derek Lim , Yoav Gelberg , Stefanie Jegelka , Haggai Maron

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been widely adopted in vision tasks due to their strong transferability. In Federated Learning (FL), where full fine-tuning is communication heavy, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an efficient and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zihao Peng , Nan Zou , Jiandian Zeng , Guo Li , Ke Chen , Boyuan Li , Tian Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized learning paradigm, in which multiple clients collaboratively train deep learning models without centralizing their local data, and hence preserve data privacy. Real-world applications usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Haokun Chen , Ahmed Frikha , Denis Krompass , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Federated fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offers a communication-efficient and privacy-preserving solution for task-specific adaptation. Naive aggregation of LoRA modules introduces noise due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Peishen Yan , Yang Hua , Hao Wang , Jiaru Zhang , Xiaoyu Wu , Tao Song , Haibing Guan

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While highly effective in single-task settings, it struggles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bo Cheng , Xu Wang , Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Merging or routing low-rank adapters (LoRAs) has emerged as a popular solution for enhancing large language models, particularly when data access is restricted by regulatory or domain-specific constraints. This position paper argues that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mei-Yen Chen , Thi Thu Uyen Hoang , Michael Hahn , M. Saquib Sarfraz

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis

Federated Learning (FL) typically aggregates client model parameters using a weighting approach determined by sample proportions. However, this naive weighting method may lead to unfairness and degradation in model performance due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Mingwei Xu , Xiaofeng Cao , Ivor W. Tsang , James T. Kwok

In federated learning, fine-tuning pre-trained foundation models poses significant challenges, particularly regarding high communication cost and suboptimal model performance due to data heterogeneity between the clients. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yongle Li , Bo Liu , Sheng Huang , ZHeng ZHang , Xiaotong Yuan , Richang Hong

Low-rank adaption (LoRA) is a representative method in the field of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), and is key to Democratizating the modern large language models (LLMs). The vanilla LoRA is implemented with uniform ranks, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yi Zhao , Qinghua Yao , Xinyuan song , Wei Zhu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely recognized for its parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large-scale neural models. However, standard LoRA independently optimizes low-rank matrices, which inherently limits its expressivity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jun Qi , Chen-Yu Liu , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

With the wealth of information produced by social networks, smartphones, medical or financial applications, speculations have been raised about the sensitivity of such data in terms of users' personal privacy and data security. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

Federated Learning (FL) is a widely used framework for training models in a decentralized manner, ensuring that the central server does not have direct access to data from local clients. However, this approach may still fail to fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sangwoo Park , Seanie Lee , Byungjoo Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

The combination of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has shown significant potential for enhancing the multi-task learning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, existing methods face two primary challenges:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boyan Shi , Wei Chen , Shuyuan Zhao , Junfeng Shen , Shengnan Guo , Shaojiang Wang , Huaiyu Wan

Federated learning (FL) is increasingly adopted in domains like healthcare, where data privacy is paramount. A fundamental challenge in these systems is statistical heterogeneity-the fact that data distributions vary significantly across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zijian Wang , Xiaofei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Yukun Liu , Qiong Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a popular technique for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to various domains due to its modular design and widespread availability on platforms like Huggingface. This modularity has sparked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ziyu Zhao , Tao Shen , Didi Zhu , Zexi Li , Jing Su , Xuwu Wang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu