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Ensuring the safety and reliability of large language models (LLMs) in clinical practice is critical to prevent patient harm. However, LLMs are advancing so rapidly that static benchmarks quickly become obsolete or prone to overfitting,…

Service Level Agreement (SLA) monitoring in service-oriented environments suffers from inherent trust conflicts when providers self-report metrics, creating incentives to underreport violations. We introduce a framework for generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fernando Castillo , Eduardo Brito , Sebastian Werner , Pille Pullonen-Raudvere , Jonathan Heiss

Medical Large language models achieve strong scores on standard benchmarks; however, the transfer of those results to safe and reliable performance in clinical workflows remains a challenge. This survey reframes evaluation through a…

Advancements in dialogue systems powered by large language models (LLMs) have outpaced the development of reliable evaluation metrics, particularly for diverse and creative responses. We present a benchmark for evaluating the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Justin Vasselli , Adam Nohejl , Taro Watanabe

Few-shot learning benchmarks are critical for evaluating modern NLP techniques. It is possible, however, that benchmarks favor methods which easily make use of unlabeled text, because researchers can use unlabeled text from the test set to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Kush Dubey

This position paper argues that standardized item-level benchmark data should become the default infrastructure for AI evaluation. Current evaluations suffer from underspecified item selection, construct misalignment, and poor…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Han Jiang , Susu Zhang , Dongyao Zhu , Yuzhuo Bai , Sang T. Truong , Xiaoyuan Yi , Sanmi Koyejo , Xing Xie , Ziang Xiao

Existing AI evaluation practices often fail to capture how systems actually perform in low-resource environments, where operational constraints shape usability as much as model quality. Through a structured analysis of existing benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aakash Pant , Kavya Shah , Apoorv Agnihotri , Sneha Nikam , Prasaanth Balraj , Nakul Jain

Benchmarks are necessary for healthcare evaluation, but are not sufficient for predicting deployment performance. Our position is that the evaluation--deployment gap arises not because of poorly designed benchmarks, but from implicit…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Naveen Raman , Santiago Cortes-Gomez , Mateo Dulce Rubio , Fei Fang , Bryan Wilder

Large language models (LLMs) introduce new security risks, but there are few comprehensive evaluation suites to measure and reduce these risks. We present BenchmarkName, a novel benchmark to quantify LLM security risks and capabilities. We…

Large language models for code are advancing fast, yet our ability to evaluate them lags behind. Current benchmarks focus on narrow tasks and single metrics, which hide critical gaps in robustness, interpretability, fairness, efficiency,…

Node classification on graphs often requires labeled nodes, yet obtaining labels at graph scale is expensive. When node attributes contain semantic content, such as paper abstracts, web pages, or product descriptions, large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Safal Thapaliya , Jiatan Huang , Chuxu Zhang

Voice agents increasingly require reliable tool use from speech, whereas prominent tool-calling benchmarks remain text-based. We study whether verified text benchmarks can be converted into controlled audio-based tool calling evaluations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Xue-Yong Fu , Seyyed Saeed Sarfjoo , Quinten McNamara , Jonas Robertson , Shashi Bhushan TN

Safety benchmarks are routinely treated as evidence about how a language model will behave once deployed, but this inference is fragile if behavior depends on whether a prompt looks like an evaluation. We define evaluation-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian A. D. Burnat , Brittany I. Davidson

Agent skills - structured packages of instructions, scripts, and references that augment a large language model (LLM) without modifying the model itself - have moved from convenience to first-class deployment artifact. The runtime that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Alfredo Metere

In industrial procurement, an LLM answer is useful only if it survives a standards check: recommended material must match operating condition, every parameter must respect a regulated threshold, and no procedure may contradict a safety…

Standard benchmarks of bias and fairness in large language models (LLMs) measure the association between the user attributes stated or implied by a prompt and the LLM's short text response, but human-AI interaction increasingly requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Kristian Lum , Jacy Reese Anthis , Kevin Robinson , Chirag Nagpal , Alexander D'Amour

Enterprise customers are increasingly adopting Large Language Models (LLMs) for critical communication tasks, such as drafting emails, crafting sales pitches, and composing casual messages. Deploying such models across different regions…

In this study, we leverage LLM to enhance the semantic analysis and develop similarity metrics for texts, addressing the limitations of traditional unsupervised NLP metrics like ROUGE and BLEU. We develop a framework where LLMs such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Shaochen Xu , Zihao Wu , Huaqin Zhao , Peng Shu , Zhengliang Liu , Wenxiong Liao , Sheng Li , Andrea Sikora , Tianming Liu , Xiang Li

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Benchmarks shape scientific conclusions about model capabilities and steer model development. This creates a feedback loop: stronger benchmarks drive better models, and better models demand more discriminative benchmarks. Ensuring benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Arda Uzunoglu , Tianjian Li , Daniel Khashabi