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This study proposes NIRMAL (Novel Integrated Robust Multi-Adaptation Learning), a novel optimization algorithm that combines multiple strategies inspired by the movements of the chess piece. These strategies include gradient descent,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Nirmal Gaud , Surej Mouli , Preeti Katiyar , Vaduguru Venkata Ramya

The adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer proposed by Kingma & Ba (2014) is presumably the most popular stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen

It is known that the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method, as well as accelerated and adaptive SGD optimization methods such as the Adam optimizer fail to converge if the learning rates do not converge to zero (as,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

Despite their overwhelming capacity to overfit, deep neural networks trained by specific optimization algorithms tend to generalize well to unseen data. Recently, researchers explained it by investigating the implicit regularization effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Bohan Wang , Qi Meng , Wei Chen , Tie-Yan Liu

The dynamic behavior of RMSprop and Adam algorithms is studied through a combination of careful numerical experiments and theoretical explanations. Three types of qualitative features are observed in the training loss curve: fast initial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Chao Ma , Lei Wu , Weinan E

Sign Gradient Descent (SignGD) is a simple yet robust optimization method, widely used in machine learning for its resilience to gradient noise and compatibility with low-precision computations. While its empirical performance is well…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Valentin Leplat , Sergio Mayorga , Roland Hildebrand , Alexander Gasnikov

Real-time lane detection in embedded systems encounters significant challenges due to subtle and sparse visual signals in RGB images, often constrained by limited computational resources and power consumption. Although deep learning models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yian Liu , Xiong Wang , Ping Xu , Lei Zhu , Ming Yan , Linyun Xue

Spectral gradient methods, such as the Muon optimizer, modify gradient updates by preserving directional information while discarding scale, and have shown strong empirical performance in deep learning. We investigate the mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Guillaume Braun , Han Bao , Wei Huang , Masaaki Imaizumi

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization methods are nowadays the method of choice for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in artificial intelligence systems. In practically relevant training problems, usually not the plain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-01 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen

The vast majority of successful deep neural networks are trained using variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms. Recent attempts to improve SGD can be broadly categorized into two approaches: (1) adaptive learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Michael R. Zhang , James Lucas , Geoffrey Hinton , Jimmy Ba

Descent methods for deep networks are notoriously capricious: they require careful tuning of step size, momentum and weight decay, and which method will work best on a new benchmark is a priori unclear. To address this problem, this paper…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Yang Liu , Jeremy Bernstein , Markus Meister , Yisong Yue

Learn to Optimize (L2O) trains deep neural network-based solvers for optimization, achieving success in accelerating convex problems and improving non-convex solutions. However, L2O lacks rigorous theoretical backing for its own training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Qingyu Song , Wei Lin , Hong Xu

Beside the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method, the Adam optimizer due to Kingma & Ba (2014) is currently probably the best-known optimization method for the training of deep neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Fractional Gradient Descent (FGD) offers a novel and promising way to accelerate optimization by incorporating fractional calculus into machine learning. Although FGD has shown encouraging initial results across various optimization tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jan Sobotka , Petr Šimánek , Pavel Kordík

A new technique of global optimization and its applications in particular to neural networks are presented. The algorithm is also compared to other global optimization algorithms such as Gradient descent (GD), Monte Carlo (MC), Genetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Homayoun Valafar , Okan K. Ersoy , Faramarz Valafar

Adaptive gradient methods, which adopt historical gradient information to automatically adjust the learning rate, despite the nice property of fast convergence, have been observed to generalize worse than stochastic gradient descent (SGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Jinghui Chen , Dongruo Zhou , Yiqi Tang , Ziyan Yang , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Despite the vast empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of adaptive optimization methods in deep learning, their theoretical understanding is far from complete. This work introduces novel SDEs for commonly used adaptive optimizers:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Enea Monzio Compagnoni , Tianlin Liu , Rustem Islamov , Frank Norbert Proske , Antonio Orvieto , Aurelien Lucchi

Communication has been seen as a significant bottleneck in industrial applications over large-scale networks. To alleviate the communication burden, sign-based optimization algorithms have gained popularity recently in both industrial and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Xiuxian Li , Kuo-Yi Lin , Li Li , Yiguang Hong , Jie Chen

This paper proposes the Doubly Compressed Momentum-assisted stochastic gradient tracking algorithm $\texttt{DoCoM}$ for communication-efficient decentralized optimization. The algorithm features two main ingredients to achieve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Chung-Yiu Yau , Hoi-To Wai

A crucial component of machine learning algorithms is minimizing loss functions with less computational cost and less oscillations. While adaptive learning rate-based optimizers have been widely used for real-world tasks, they do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sakshi Kumari , Shyam Kumar M , Sushmitha P