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Image restoration aims to recover high-quality images from degraded observations. When the degradation process is known, the recovery problem can be formulated as an inverse problem, and in a Bayesian context, the goal is to sample a clean…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Darshan Thaker , Abhishek Goyal , René Vidal

The pretrained diffusion model as a strong prior has been leveraged to address inverse problems in a zero-shot manner without task-specific retraining. Different from the unconditional generation, the measurement-guided generation requires…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Ji Li , Chao Wang

From a Bayesian perspective, score-based diffusion solves inverse problems through joint inference, embedding the likelihood with the prior to guide the sampling process. However, this formulation fails to explain its practical behavior:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hao Chen , Renzheng Zhang , Scott S. Howard

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in generating high-quality samples. Existing diffusion-based image restoration algorithms exploit pre-trained diffusion models to leverage data priors, yet they still preserve elements…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-07 Hongjie Wu , Linchao He , Mingqin Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Kunming Luo , Mengting Luo , Ji-Zhe Zhou , Hu Chen , Jiancheng Lv

Recovering a signal from its degraded measurements is a long standing challenge in science and engineering. Recently, zero-shot diffusion based methods have been proposed for such inverse problems, offering a posterior sampling based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Roi Benita , Michael Elad , Joseph Keshet

Diffusion Inverse Solvers (DIS) are designed to sample from the conditional distribution $p_{\theta}(X_0|y)$, with a predefined diffusion model $p_{\theta}(X_0)$, an operator $f(\cdot)$, and a measurement $y=f(x'_0)$ derived from an unknown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tongda Xu , Ziran Zhu , Jian Li , Dailan He , Yuanyuan Wang , Ming Sun , Ling Li , Hongwei Qin , Yan Wang , Jingjing Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang

We provide a framework for solving inverse problems with diffusion models learned from linearly corrupted data. Firstly, we extend the Ambient Diffusion framework to enable training directly from measurements corrupted in the Fourier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Asad Aali , Giannis Daras , Brett Levac , Sidharth Kumar , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Jonathan I. Tamir

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have gained great attention in adversarial purification. Current diffusion-based works focus on designing effective condition-guided mechanisms while ignoring a fundamental problem, i.e., the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jiancheng Zhang , Peiran Dong , Yongyong Chen , Yin-Ping Zhao , Song Guo

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have achieved impressive performance on various generation tasks. By modeling the reverse process of gradually diffusing the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution, generating a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhaoyang Lyu , Xudong XU , Ceyuan Yang , Dahua Lin , Bo Dai

Uncertainty evaluation is critical in scientific and engineering inverse problems. However, existing benchmarks on Diffusion Inverse Solvers (DIS) primarily focus on reconstruction accuracy but overlook uncertainty and distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaoyu Qiu , Taewon Yang , Zhanhao Liu , Guanyang Wang , Liyue Shen

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have shown remarkable performance in visual synthesis but are computationally expensive due to the need for multiple evaluations during the sampling. Recent predictor-corrector diffusion samplers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Wenliang Zhao , Haolin Wang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Diffusion models have recently exhibited remarkable abilities to synthesize striking image samples since the introduction of denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). Their key idea is to disrupt images into noise through a fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Zijian Zhang , Zhou Zhao , Jun Yu , Qi Tian

In a great number of tasks in science and engineering, the goal is to infer an unknown image from a small number of measurements collected from a known forward model describing certain sensing or imaging modality. Due to resource…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Xingyu Xu , Yuejie Chi

Diffusion models have been widely studied as effective generative tools for solving inverse problems. The main ideas focus on performing the reverse sampling process conditioned on noisy measurements, using well-established numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Xiang Cao , Xiaoqun Zhang

Annealing-based neural samplers seek to amortize sampling from unnormalized distributions by training neural networks to transport a family of densities interpolating from source to target. A crucial design choice in the training phase of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ezra Erives , Bowen Jing , Peter Holderrieth , Tommi Jaakkola

Score-based diffusion models have proven effective in image generation and have gained widespread usage; however, the underlying factors contributing to the performance disparity between stochastic and deterministic (i.e., the probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuji Hirono , Akinori Tanaka , Kenji Fukushima

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPM) have shown remarkable efficacy in the synthesis of high-quality images. However, their inference process characteristically requires numerous, potentially hundreds, of iterative steps, which could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mingxiao Li , Tingyu Qu , Ruicong Yao , Wei Sun , Marie-Francine Moens

Diffusion models have been demonstrated as powerful deep learning tools for image generation in CT reconstruction and restoration. Recently, diffusion posterior sampling, where a score-based diffusion prior is combined with a likelihood…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Shudong Li , Xiao Jiang , Matthew Tivnan , Grace J. Gang , Yuan Shen , J. Webster Stayman

Diffusion models produce impressive results in modalities ranging from images and video to protein design and text. However, generating samples with user-specified properties remains a challenge. Recent research proposes fine-tuning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Raghav Singhal , Zachary Horvitz , Ryan Teehan , Mengye Ren , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown , Rajesh Ranganath

Zero-shot diffusion posterior sampling offers a flexible framework for inverse problems by accommodating arbitrary degradation operators at test time, but incurs high computational cost due to repeated likelihood-guided updates. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Léon Zheng , Thomas Hirtz , Yazid Janati , Eric Moulines