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Multi-turn instruction following capability constitutes a core competency of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications. Existing evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on fine-grained constraint satisfaction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jinnan Li , Jinzhe Li , Yue Wang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Language models are trained to follow instructions, but they are also powerful pattern completers. What happens when these two objectives conflict? We construct conversations in which a user instruction to behave in a target way T (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Carolina Camassa , Derek Shiller

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications where users engage in extended, mixed-topic conversations that depend on prior context. Yet, their reliability under realistic multi-turn interactions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung

Evaluating alignment in language models requires testing how they behave under realistic pressure, not just what they claim they would do. While alignment failures increasingly cause real-world harm, comprehensive evaluation frameworks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Nora Petrova , John Burden

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks, including instruction following, which is crucial for aligning model outputs with user expectations. However, evaluating LLMs' ability to follow…

Rapid improvements in large language models have unveiled a critical challenge in human-AI interaction: sycophancy. In this context, sycophancy refers to the tendency of models to excessively agree with or flatter users, often at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Joshua Liu , Aarav Jain , Soham Takuri , Srihan Vege , Aslihan Akalin , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma

The instruction hierarchy, which establishes a priority order from system messages to user messages, conversation history, and tool outputs, is essential for ensuring consistent and safe behavior in language models (LMs). Despite its…

We consider real world task-oriented dialog settings, where agents need to generate both fluent natural language responses and correct external actions like database queries and updates. We demonstrate that, when applied to customer support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Rashmi Gangadharaiah , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Charles Elkan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integral as productivity assistants, but existing benchmarks fall short in rigorously evaluating their real-world instruction-following capabilities. Current benchmarks often (i) lack sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiho Park , Jongyoon Song , Minjin Choi , Kyuho Heo , Taehun Huh , Ji Won Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human users in interactive settings such as therapy, education, and social role-play. While these simulations enable scalable training and evaluation of AI agents, off-the-shelf…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Donovan Clay , Tim Althoff , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques

Recent language models have achieved impressive performance in natural language tasks by incorporating instructions with task input during fine-tuning. Since all samples in the same natural language task can be explained with the same task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jin Myung Kwak , Minseon Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Task semantics can be expressed by a set of input-output examples or a piece of textual instruction. Conventional machine learning approaches for natural language processing (NLP) mainly rely on the availability of large-scale sets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Renze Lou , Kai Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Large language models (LLMs) could be valuable personal AI agents across various domains, provided they can precisely follow user instructions. However, recent studies have shown significant limitations in LLMs' instruction-following…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Juyeon Heo , Miao Xiong , Christina Heinze-Deml , Jaya Narain

Teacher education requires deliberate practice with learners who exhibit identifiable strengths, weaknesses, and partial mastery. Large language models could support such practice by simulating students with known skill components, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Alexander Apartsin , Omri Sason , Yehudit Aperstein

As research in large language models (LLMs) continues to accelerate, LLM-based evaluation has emerged as a scalable and cost-effective alternative to human evaluations for comparing the ever increasing list of models. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zhiyuan Zeng , Jiatong Yu , Tianyu Gao , Yu Meng , Tanya Goyal , Danqi Chen

World models have been emerging as critical components for assessing the consequences of actions generated by interactive agents in online planning and offline evaluation. In text-based environments, world models are typically evaluated and…

Instruction following is one of the fundamental capabilities of large language models (LLMs). As the ability of LLMs is constantly improving, they have been increasingly applied to deal with complex human instructions in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Bosi Wen , Pei Ke , Xiaotao Gu , Lindong Wu , Hao Huang , Jinfeng Zhou , Wenchuang Li , Binxin Hu , Wendy Gao , Jiaxin Xu , Yiming Liu , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Does continued scaling of large language models (LLMs) yield diminishing returns? In this work, we show that short-task benchmarks may give an illusion of slowing progress, as even marginal gains in single-step accuracy can compound into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Akshit Sinha , Arvindh Arun , Shashwat Goel , Steffen Staab , Jonas Geiping

LLM evaluation benchmarks have traditionally separated the testing of knowledge/reasoning capabilities from instruction following. In this work, we study the interaction between knowledge and instruction following, and observe that LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Rudra Murthy , Praveen Venkateswaran , Prince Kumar , Danish Contractor

Language models will inevitably err in situations with which they are unfamiliar. However, by effectively communicating uncertainties, they can still guide humans toward making sound decisions in those contexts. We demonstrate this idea by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lingjun Zhao , Khanh Nguyen , Hal Daumé