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Jailbreak attacks represent one of the most sophisticated threats to the security of large language models (LLMs). To deal with such risks, we introduce an innovative framework that can help evaluate the effectiveness of jailbreak attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dong Shu , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Zihao Zhou , Lingyao Li , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in various evaluation benchmarks. However, concerns are raised about potential data contamination in their considerable volume of training corpus. Moreover, the static nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Kaijie Zhu , Jiaao Chen , Jindong Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Diyi Yang , Xing Xie

Generative large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of tasks, yet they remain susceptible to backdoor attacks: carefully crafted triggers in the input can manipulate the model to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhan Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a range of vulnerabilities that allow malicious users to solicit undesirable responses through manipulation of the input text. These so-called jailbreak prompts are designed to trick the LLM into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 John Hawkins , Aditya Pramar , Rodney Beard , Rohitash Chandra

Recent studies on the safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) have revealed that existing approaches often operate superficially, leaving models vulnerable to various adversarial attacks. Despite their significance, these studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jianwei Li , Jung-Eun Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne

As large language models (LLMs) expose systemic security challenges in high risk applications, including privacy leaks, bias amplification, and malicious abuse, there is an urgent need for a dynamic risk assessment and collaborative defence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xiaoyan Zhang , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li

Jailbreak attacks cause large language models (LLMs) to generate harmful, unethical, or otherwise objectionable content. Evaluating these attacks presents a number of challenges, which the current collection of benchmarks and evaluation…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities but struggle under distribution shifts, where evaluation data differ from instruction tuning distributions. Although previous works have provided empirical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Changdae Oh , Zhen Fang , Shawn Im , Xuefeng Du , Yixuan Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed across disciplines due to their advanced reasoning and problem solving capabilities. To measure their effectiveness, various benchmarks have been developed that measure aspects of…

The effective assessment of the instruction-following ability of large language models (LLMs) is of paramount importance. A model that cannot adhere to human instructions might be not able to provide reliable and helpful responses. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yimin Jing , Renren Jin , Jiahao Hu , Huishi Qiu , Xiaohua Wang , Peng Wang , Deyi Xiong

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs), have shown promise in automated software vulnerability detection. However, existing methods are predominantly limited to specific programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced significant challenges in moderating user-model interactions. While LLMs demonstrate remarkable capabilities, they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Ivan Bakulin , Ilia Kopanichuk , Iaroslav Bespalov , Nikita Radchenko , Vladimir Shaposhnikov , Dmitry Dylov , Ivan Oseledets

Current benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focus on performance metrics, often failing to capture the nuanced behavioral characteristics that differentiate them. This paper introduces a novel ``Behavioral Fingerprinting''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Ying Zhang , Zhiyuan Yang , Xing Li , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

E-commerce platforms increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) to detect illicit or misleading product content. However, these models remain vulnerable to evasive content, which refers to inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ancheng Xu , Zhihao Yang , Jingpeng Li , Guanghu Yuan , Longze Chen , Liang Yan , Jiehui Zhou , Zhen Qin , Hengyu Chang , Yukun Chen , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed rapid advancements, demonstrating remarkable capabilities. However, a notable vulnerability persists: LLMs often uncritically accept flawed or contradictory premises, leading to inefficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jinzhe Li , Gengxu Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Safety verification of dynamical systems via barrier certificates is essential for ensuring correctness in autonomous applications. Synthesizing these certificates involves discovering mathematical functions with current methods suffering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ali Taheri , Alireza Taban , Sadegh Soudjani , Ashutosh Trivedi

Autonomous landing is essential for drones deployed in emergency deliveries, post-disaster response, and other large-scale missions. By enabling self-docking on charging platforms, it facilitates continuous operation and significantly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Siwei Cai , Yuwei Wu , Lifeng Zhou

A rapidly growing number of applications rely on a small set of closed-source language models (LMs). This dependency might introduce novel security risks if LMs develop self-recognition capabilities. Inspired by human identity verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tim R. Davidson , Viacheslav Surkov , Veniamin Veselovsky , Giuseppe Russo , Robert West , Caglar Gulcehre