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This thesis develops theoretical frameworks and algorithms that advance constrained reinforcement learning (RL) across control, preference learning, and alignment of large language models. The first contribution addresses constrained Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Akhil Agnihotri

Reward-based fine-tuning steers a pretrained diffusion or flow-based generative model toward higher-reward samples while remaining close to the pretrained model. Although existing methods are derived from different perspectives, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jeongjae Lee , Jinho Chang , Jeongsol Kim , Jong Chul Ye

Continual learning in robotics seeks systems that can constantly adapt to changing environments and tasks, mirroring human adaptability. A key challenge is refining dynamics models, essential for planning and control, while addressing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alejandro Murillo-Gonzalez , Lantao Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an indispensable paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, standard policy optimization methods, such as Group Relative Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Pengyi Li , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize a policy using collected data without online interactions. Model-based approaches are particularly appealing for addressing offline RL challenges because of their capability to mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hao Li , Xiao-Hu Zhou , Shu-Hai Li , Mei-Jiang Gui , Xiao-Liang Xie , Shi-Qi Liu , Shuang-Yi Wang , Zhen-Qiu Feng , Zeng-Guang Hou

To obtain a near-optimal policy with fewer interactions in Reinforcement Learning (RL), a promising approach involves the combination of offline RL, which enhances sample efficiency by leveraging offline datasets, and online RL, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Xiaoyu Wen , Xudong Yu , Rui Yang , Haoyuan Chen , Chenjia Bai , Zhen Wang

We present DeFlow, a decoupled offline RL framework that leverages flow matching to faithfully capture complex behavior manifolds. Optimizing generative policies is computationally prohibitive, typically necessitating backpropagation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhancun Mu

On-policy distillation is a promising approach for transferring knowledge between language models, where a student learns from dense token-level signals along its own trajectories. This framework typically uses reverse KL divergence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Woogyeol Jin , Taywon Min , Yongjin Yang , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yi Zhou , Dennis Wei , Nathalie Baracaldo , Kimin Lee

This paper aims to overcome a major obstacle in scaling RL for reasoning with LLMs, namely the collapse of policy entropy. Such phenomenon is consistently observed across vast RL runs without entropy intervention, where the policy entropy…

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for mathematics education, yet they often struggle with complex mathematical reasoning. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by grounding LLMs in external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shiting Chen , Zijian Zhao , Jinsong Chen

On-policy reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are widely used for their strong asymptotic performance and training stability, but they struggle to scale with larger batch sizes, as additional parallel environments yield redundant data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jianren Wang , Yifan Su , Abhinav Gupta , Deepak Pathak

Model-based offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) constructs environment models from offline datasets to perform conservative policy optimization. Existing approaches focus on learning state transitions through ensemble models, rollouting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Hongye Cao , Fan Feng , Jing Huo , Shangdong Yang , Meng Fang , Tianpei Yang , Yang Gao

In offline reinforcement learning, a policy is learned using a static dataset in the absence of costly feedback from the environment. In contrast to the online setting, only using static datasets poses additional challenges, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marvin Alles , Philip Becker-Ehmck , Patrick van der Smagt , Maximilian Karl

Offline reinforcement learning learns policies from fixed datasets without further environment interaction. A key challenge in this setting is epistemic uncertainty, arising from limited or biased data coverage, particularly when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Abhilash Reddy Chenreddy , Erick Delage

Policy constraint methods to offline reinforcement learning (RL) typically utilize parameterization or regularization that constrains the policy to perform actions within the support set of the behavior policy. The elaborative designs of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Jialong Wu , Haixu Wu , Zihan Qiu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Drawing upon the intuition that aligning different modalities to the same semantic embedding space would allow models to understand states and actions more easily, we propose a new perspective to the offline reinforcement learning (RL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Tianyu Zheng , Ge Zhang , Xingwei Qu , Ming Kuang , Stephen W. Huang , Zhaofeng He

Reasoning ability has become a defining capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) emerging as a key paradigm to enhance it. However, RLVR training often suffers from policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xiaoyun Zhang , Xiaojian Yuan , Di Huang , Wang You , Chen Hu , Jingqing Ruan , Ai Jian , Kejiang Chen , Xing Hu

Flow matching has recently emerged as a promising alternative to diffusion-based generative models, offering faster sampling and simpler training by learning continuous flows governed by ordinary differential equations. Despite growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mudit Gaur , Prashant Trivedi , Shuchin Aeron , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia , Vaneet Aggarwal

This paper studies the continuous-time reinforcement learning in jump-diffusion models by featuring the q-learning (the continuous-time counterpart of Q-learning) under Tsallis entropy regularization. Contrary to the Shannon entropy, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Lijun Bo , Yijie Huang , Xiang Yu , Tingting Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) for exponential-utility optimization in discounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) lacks principled value-based algorithms. We address this gap in the fixed risk-aversion setting. Building on the Bellman-type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Gugan Thoppe , L. A. Prashanth , Ankur Naskar , Sanjay Bhat
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