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Putting a watermark into digital circuitry has its own set of challenges. Creating a secure watermark in printed matter usually involves including graphics that are difficult to reproduce. In circuitry, including additional circuitry that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-24 James Gil de Lamadrid , Seonho Choi

Modern generative diffusion models rely on vast training datasets, often including images with uncertain ownership or usage rights. Radioactive watermarks -- marks that transfer to a model's outputs -- can help detect when such unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kexin Li , Guozhen Ding , Ilya Grishchenko , David Lie

Algorithmic verification of realistic systems to satisfy safety and other temporal requirements has suffered from poor scalability of the employed formal approaches. To design systems with rigorous guarantees, many approaches still rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Oliver Schön , Zhengang Zhong , Sadegh Soudjani

Deepfakes pose significant security and privacy threats through malicious facial manipulations. While robust watermarking can aid in authenticity verification and source tracking, existing methods often lack the sufficient robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chen Sun , Haiyang Sun , Zhiqing Guo , Yunfeng Diao , Liejun Wang , Dan Ma , Gaobo Yang , Keqin Li

LLMs now exhibit human-like skills in various fields, leading to worries about misuse. Thus, detecting generated text is crucial. However, passive detection methods are stuck in domain specificity and limited adversarial robustness. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xi Yang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Chang Liu , Yuang Qi , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled the creation of highly realistic digital content, raising concerns around authenticity, ownership, and misuse. While watermarking has become an increasingly important mechanism to trace and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the field of model watermarking techniques. However, the protection of image-processing neural networks remains a challenge, with only a limited number of methods being developed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Chi Liu , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Safeguarding the intellectual property of machine learning models has emerged as a pressing concern in AI security. Model watermarking is a powerful technique for protecting ownership of machine learning models, yet its reliability has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Aoting Hu , Yanzhi Chen , Renjie Xie , Adrian Weller

In the watermark detection scenario, also known as zero-bit watermarking, a watermark, carrying no hidden message, is inserted in content. The watermark detector checks for the presence of this particular weak signal in content. The article…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Teddy Furon

Latent generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have become more and more popular, but concerns have arisen regarding potential misuse related to images generated by these models. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze the origin of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhenting Wang , Vikash Sehwag , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Shiqing Ma

This paper considers the problem of multi-bit generative watermarking for large language models under a worst-case false-alarm constraint. Prior work established a lower bound on the achievable miss-detection probability in the finite-token…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yu-Shin Huang , Chao Tian , Krishna Narayanan

Multi-bit watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for embedding imperceptible binary messages into Large Language Model (LLM)-generated text, enabling reliable attribution and tracing of malicious usage of LLMs. Despite recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jiahao Xu , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Zikai Zhang

The advances in the Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) research offer extensive applications in diverse domains, but protecting their copyrights has not yet been researched in depth. Recently, NeRF watermarking has been considered one of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Youngdong Jang , Dong In Lee , MinHyuk Jang , Jong Wook Kim , Feng Yang , Sangpil Kim

In light of recent advancements in generative AI models, it has become essential to distinguish genuine content from AI-generated one to prevent the malicious usage of fake materials as authentic ones and vice versa. Various techniques have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Mehrdad Saberi , Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Keivan Rezaei , Aounon Kumar , Atoosa Chegini , Wenxiao Wang , Soheil Feizi

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

Rapid advancements in multimodal large language models have enabled the creation of hyper-realistic images from textual descriptions. However, these advancements also raise significant concerns about unauthorized use, which hinders their…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yongyang Pan , Xiaohong Liu , Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Xiao Guo , Xiaoming Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

In this paper, we introduce \emph{Luminark}, a training-free and probabilistically-certified watermarking method for general vision generative models. Our approach is built upon a novel watermark definition that leverages patch-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiayi Xu , Zhang Zhang , Yuanrui Zhang , Ruitao Chen , Yixian Xu , Tianyu He , Di He

We show the viability of tackling misuses of large language models beyond the identification of machine-generated text. While existing zero-bit watermark methods focus on detection only, some malicious misuses demand tracing the adversary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 KiYoon Yoo , Wonhyuk Ahn , Nojun Kwak

Ensuring robustness in image watermarking is crucial for and maintaining content integrity under diverse transformations. Recent self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches, such as DINO, have been leveraged for watermarking but primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Muhammad Ahtesham , Xin Zhong

Digital watermarking is extensively used in ownership authentication and copyright protection. In this paper, we propose an efficient thresholding scheme to improve the watermark embedding procedure in an image. For the proposed algorithm,…