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Related papers: Policy-Guided Stepwise Model Routing for Cost-Effe…

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Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large Language Models (LLMs) solve many reasoning tasks via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, but smaller models (about 7 to 8B parameters) still struggle with multi-step reasoning under tight compute and token budgets. Existing test time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sagnik Chatterjee , Atharva Patil , Sricharan Ramesh

Stepwise model routing improves the efficiency of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) by assigning each reasoning step to a suitable model. Recent methods formulate routing as a sequential decision process and train the router with reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shenghao Ye , Yu Guo , Zhengheng Li , Shuangwu Chen , Jian Yang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) - particularly model scaling and test-time techniques - have greatly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of language models at the expense of higher inference costs. To lower inference costs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sangmook Lee , Dohyung Kim , Hyukhun Koh , Nakyeong Yang , Kyomin Jung

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, which breaks down complex tasks into intermediate reasoning steps, has significantly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs) on challenging tasks. However, the detailed reasoning process in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yingqian Cui , Pengfei He , Jingying Zeng , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Zhenwei Dai , Yan Han , Chen Luo , Jing Huang , Zhen Li , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Qi He

Scaling model size and training data has led to great advances in the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the diminishing returns of this approach necessitate alternative methods to improve model capabilities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Daman Arora , Andrea Zanette

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications is increasingly limited by their high inference cost. While recent advances in dynamic token-level computation allocation attempt to improve efficiency by selectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Chao Han , Yijuan Liang , Zihao Xuan , Daokuan Wu , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Being prompted to engage in reasoning has emerged as a core technique for using large language models (LLMs), deploying additional inference-time compute to improve task performance. However, as LLMs increase in both size and adoption,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 C. Nicolò De Sabbata , Theodore R. Sumers , Badr AlKhamissi , Antoine Bosselut , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on table reasoning tasks but incur substantial inference cost due to long reasoning traces. Stepwise model routing mitigates this issue by dynamically assigning reasoning steps to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shenghao Ye , Yuxiang Wang , Yu Guo , Dong Jin , Shuangwu Chen , Jian Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

Recent years have seen considerable advancements in multi-step reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs). The previous studies have elucidated the merits of integrating feedback or search mechanisms during model inference to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Qianli Ma , Haotian Zhou , Tingkai Liu , Jianbo Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Yang You , Hongxia Yang

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior capacities in solving complicated problems by generating long chain-of-thoughts (CoT), but such a lengthy CoT incurs high inference costs. Previous methods on inference-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minjia Mao , Bowen Yin , Yu Zhu , Xiao Fang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni

Large language models (LLMs) demand considerable computational, energy, and financial resources during both training and deployment. While scaling laws for training have guided much of the field's recent progress, inference costs now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Austin R. Ellis-Mohr , Anuj K. Nayak , Lav R. Varshney

Large language models (LLMs) now exhibit strong multi-step reasoning abilities, but existing inference-time scaling methods remain computationally expensive, often relying on extensive sampling or external evaluators. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nicolas Legrand , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Márton Kardos , Kristoffer Nielbo

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoyu Zheng , Zhuonan Wang , Yuqian Yuan , Tianwei Lin , Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Hongyang He

Recent advances in Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting have substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods often suffer from overthinking, leading to unnecessarily lengthy or redundant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhensheng Jin , Xinze Li , Yifan Ji , Chunyi Peng , Zhenghao Liu , Qi Shi , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Furong Peng , Ge Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks through long-chain reasoning. However, the extensive reasoning steps involved can significantly increase computational costs, posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yunhao Wang , Yuhao Zhang , Tinghao Yu , Can Xu , Feng Zhang , Fengzong Lian

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their promise in tackling complicated practical challenges by combining action-based policies with chain of thought (CoT) reasoning. Having high-quality prompts on hand, however, is vital to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xinyu Cui , Filippos Christianos , Haifeng Zhang , David Henry Mguni , Jun Wang
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