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Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. While superconducting qubits are among the most promising candidates for scalable QEC, their limited nearest-neighbor connectivity presents…

Quantum errors are primarily detected and corrected using the measurement of syndrome information which itself is an unreliable step in practical error correction implementations. Typically, such faulty or noisy syndrome measurements are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Nithin Raveendran , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Asit Kumar Pradhan , Bane Vasić

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

The advent of promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes with efficient resource utilization and high-performance fault-tolerant quantum memories signifies a critical step towards realizing practical quantum computation. While surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yidong Zhou , Lingyi Kong , Yifeng Peng , Zhiding Liang

Quantum error correction (QEC) codes are traditionally defined and searched for without specifying the manner in which its syndrome extraction circuits are executed using elementary gates and measurements. We show how morphing circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal

Syndrome decoding is an integral but computationally demanding step in the implementation of quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we report the development and benchmarking of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Brhyeton Hall , Spiro Gicev , Muhammad Usman

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum error correcting (QEC) codes protect quantum information against environmental noise. Computational errors caused by the environment change the quantum state within the qubit subspace, whereas quantum erasures correspond to the loss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Luis Colmenarez , Seyong Kim , Markus Müller

The promise of quantum computing is closer to reality today than ever before, thanks to rapid progress in the development of quantum hardware. Even as qubit lifetimes and gate fidelities continue to improve, realizing robust, fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Vismay Joshi , Anubhab Rudra , Sourav Dutta , Siddharth Dhomkar , Prabha Mandayam

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

Encoding information redundantly using quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes allows one to overcome the inherent sensitivity to noise in quantum computers to ultimately achieve large-scale quantum computation. The Steane QEC method involves…

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

Device error rates on current quantum computers have improved enough to where demonstrations of error correction below break-even are now possible. Still, the circuits required for quantum error correction introduce significant overhead and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Noah Berthusen , Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Eric Huang , Daniel Gottesman

Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum computation and communication rely on the ability to manipulate quantum states robustly and with high fidelity. Thus, some form of error correction is needed to protect fragile quantum superposition states from corruption by…

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its practical implementation remains a major engineering challenge. In particular, QEC demands precise real-time control of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Junyi Liu , Yi Lee , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Xiaodi Wu

Due to the low error tolerance of a qubit, detecting and correcting errors on it is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Surface code (SC) associated with its decoding algorithm is one of the most promising quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-15 Yosuke Ueno , Masaaki Kondo , Masamitsu Tanaka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yutaka Tabuchi