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We propose a novel Generalized Zero-Shot learning (GZSL) method that is agnostic to both unseen images and unseen semantic vectors during training. Prior works in this context propose to map high-dimensional visual features to the semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Pengkai Zhu , Hanxiao Wang , Venkatesh Saligrama

Most evaluations of generative models rely on feature-distribution metrics such as FID, which operate on continuous recognition features that are explicitly trained to be invariant to appearance variations, and thus discard cues critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zexi Jia , Pengcheng Luo , Yijia Zhong , Jinchao Zhang , Jie Zhou

There has been a recent spike in interest in multi-modal Language and Vision problems. On the language side, most of these models primarily focus on English since most multi-modal datasets are monolingual. We try to bridge this gap with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Pranav Aggarwal , Ajinkya Kale

We address the task of evaluating image description generation systems. We propose a novel image-aware metric for this task: VIFIDEL. It estimates the faithfulness of a generated caption with respect to the content of the actual image,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Pranava Madhyastha , Josiah Wang , Lucia Specia

Large multimodal models such as Stable Diffusion can generate, detect, and classify new visual concepts after fine-tuning just a single word embedding. Do models learn similar words for the same concepts (i.e. <orange-cat> = orange + cat)?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Brandon Trabucco , Max Gurinas , Kyle Doherty , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Computed Tomography (CT) technology reduces radiation haz-ards to the human body through sparse sampling, but fewer sampling angles pose challenges for image reconstruction. Score-based generative models are widely used in sparse-view CT…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Junyan Zhang , Mengxiao Geng , Pinhuang Tan , Yi Liu , Zhili Liu , Bin Huang , Qiegen Liu

Reference-based metrics that operate at the sentence-level typically outperform quality estimation metrics, which have access only to the source and system output. This is unsurprising, since references resolve ambiguities that may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Vikas Raunak , Tom Kocmi , Matt Post

Mutual Information (MI) is a fundamental metric for quantifying dependency between two random variables. When we can access only the samples, but not the underlying distribution functions, we can evaluate MI using sample-based estimators.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Kyungeun Lee , Wonjong Rhee

Optical microscopy contributes to the ever-increasing progress in biological and biomedical studies, as it allows the implementation of minimally invasive experimental pipelines to translate the data of measured samples into valuable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-03 Elena Corbetta , Thomas Bocklitz

Evaluating the realism of generated images remains a fundamental challenge in generative modeling. Existing distributional metrics such as the Frechet Inception Distance (FID) and CLIP-MMD (CMMD) compare feature distributions at a semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Joé Napolitano , Pascal Nguyen

Evaluation metrics for image captioning face two challenges. Firstly, commonly used metrics such as CIDEr, METEOR, ROUGE and BLEU often do not correlate well with human judgments. Secondly, each metric has well known blind spots to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Yin Cui , Guandao Yang , Andreas Veit , Xun Huang , Serge Belongie

Image-to-text tasks, such as open-ended image captioning and controllable image description, have received extensive attention for decades. Here, we further advance this line of work by presenting Visual Spatial Description (VSD), a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Yu Zhao , Jianguo Wei , Zhichao Lin , Yueheng Sun , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

Cross-modal image-text retrieval is challenging because of the diverse possible associations between content from different modalities. Traditional methods learn a single-vector embedding to represent semantics of each sample, but struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Hani Alomari , Anushka Sivakumar , Andrew Zhang , Chris Thomas

Visual-semantic embedding is an interesting research topic because it is useful for various tasks, such as visual question answering (VQA), image-text retrieval, image captioning, and scene graph generation. In this paper, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Kazuya Ueki

We introduce a model for bidirectional retrieval of images and sentences through a multi-modal embedding of visual and natural language data. Unlike previous models that directly map images or sentences into a common embedding space, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-24 Andrej Karpathy , Armand Joulin , Li Fei-Fei

Evaluating the compatibility between textual descriptions and corresponding images represents a core endeavor within multi-modal research. In recent years, a proliferation of reference-free methods, leveraging visual-language pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zheng Ma , Changxin Wang , Yawen Ouyang , Fei Zhao , Jianbing Zhang , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen

Remote sensing image interpretation plays a critical role in environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster assessment. However, acquiring high-quality labeled data is often costly and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tong Wang , Guanzhou Chen , Xiaodong Zhang , Chenxi Liu , Jiaqi Wang , Xiaoliang Tan , Wenchao Guo , Qingyuan Yang , Kaiqi Zhang

Selecting informative keyframes is critical for efficient video understanding, yet existing approaches often rely on heuristics, ignore semantics, or produce redundant frames. We propose KeyScore, a caption-aware frame scoring method that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shih-Yao Lin , Sibendu Paul , Caren Chen

Diffusion models generate samples by estimating the score function of the target distribution at various noise levels. The model is trained using samples drawn from the target distribution by progressively adding noise. Previous sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Syamantak Kumar , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Purnamrita Sarkar

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) makes object recognition in images possible in absence of visual training data for a part of the classes from a dataset. When the number of classes is large, classes are usually represented by semantic class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Yannick Le Cacheux , Adrian Popescu , Hervé Le Borgne