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The safety of decentralized reinforcement learning (RL) is a challenging problem since malicious agents can share their poisoned policies with benign agents. The paper investigates a cooperative backdoor attack in a decentralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Mengtong Gao , Yifei Zou , Zuyuan Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

Deep learning models are vulnerable to various adversarial manipulations of their training data, parameters, and input sample. In particular, an adversary can modify the training data and model parameters to embed backdoors into the model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Te Juin Lester Tan , Reza Shokri

Backdoor attack intends to inject hidden backdoor into the deep neural networks (DNNs), such that the prediction of infected models will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by the attacker-defined trigger. Currently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yiming Li , Tongqing Zhai , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

Deep learning models are widely deployed in many applications, such as object detection in various security fields. However, these models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Most backdoor attacks were intensively studied on classified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Yaguan Qian , Boyuan Ji , Shuke He , Shenhui Huang , Xiang Ling , Bin Wang , Wei Wang

Recently, deep neural networks have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. A backdoor is inserted into neural networks via this attack paradigm, thus compromising the integrity of the network. As soon as an attacker presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zonghao Ying , Bin Wu

Machine learning systems are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where attackers manipulate model behavior through data tampering or architectural modifications. Traditional backdoor attacks involve injecting malicious samples with specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yuan Ma , Jiankang Wei , Yilun Lyu , Kehao Chen , Jingtong Huang

The challenge of WAD (web attack detection) is growing as hackers continuously refine their methods to evade traditional detection. Deep learning models excel in handling complex unknown attacks due to their strong generalization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Lijia Shi , Shihao Dong

Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, particularly when fine-tuned on large, domain-relevant datasets. However, they remain vulnerable to backdoor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anindya Sundar Das , Kangjie Chen , Monowar Bhuyan

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that allows the use of distributed data without compromising personal privacy. However, the heterogeneous distribution of data among clients in FL can make it difficult for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Thuy Dung Nguyen , Tuan Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Hieu H. Pham , Khoa Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

In the era of increasing concerns over cybersecurity threats, defending against backdoor attacks is paramount in ensuring the integrity and reliability of machine learning models. However, many existing approaches require substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Backdoor attacks represent one of the major threats to machine learning models. Various efforts have been made to mitigate backdoors. However, existing defenses have become increasingly complex and often require high computational resources…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Zeyang Sha , Xinlei He , Pascal Berrang , Mathias Humbert , Yang Zhang

In a backdoor attack, an adversary inserts maliciously constructed backdoor examples into a training set to make the resulting model vulnerable to manipulation. Defending against such attacks typically involves viewing these inserted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Alaa Khaddaj , Guillaume Leclerc , Aleksandar Makelov , Kristian Georgiev , Hadi Salman , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

Deep Reinforcement Learning approaches to Online Portfolio Selection have grown in popularity in recent years. The sensitive nature of training Reinforcement Learning agents implies a need for extensive efforts in market representation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Marc Velay , Bich-Liên Doan , Arpad Rimmel , Fabrice Popineau , Fabrice Daniel

Despite their growing adoption across domains, large language model (LLM)-powered agents face significant security risks from backdoor attacks during training and fine-tuning. These compromised agents can subsequently be manipulated to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Li Changjiang , Liang Jiacheng , Cao Bochuan , Chen Jinghui , Wang Ting

Together with impressive advances touching every aspect of our society, AI technology based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is bringing increasing security concerns. While attacks operating at test time have monopolised the initial attention…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Wei Guo , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Data-poisoning backdoor attacks are serious security threats to machine learning models, where an adversary can manipulate the training dataset to inject backdoors into models. In this paper, we focus on in-training backdoor defense, aiming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shaokui Wei , Hongyuan Zha , Baoyuan Wu

Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

The rapid increase in the number of cyber-attacks in recent years raises the need for principled methods for defending networks against malicious actors. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Gregory Palmer , Chris Parry , Daniel J. B. Harrold , Chris Willis

The frustratingly fragile nature of neural network models make current natural language generation (NLG) systems prone to backdoor attacks and generate malicious sequences that could be sexist or offensive. Unfortunately, little effort has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiaofei Sun , Xiaoya Li , Yuxian Meng , Xiang Ao , Lingjuan Lyu , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to deep neural networks (DNNs), allowing adversaries to implant triggers for hidden behaviors in inference. Defending against such vulnerabilities is especially difficult in the post-training setting,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weijun Li , Ansh Arora , Xuanli He , Mark Dras , Qiongkai Xu
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