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Federated learning (FL) commonly involves clients with diverse communication and computational capabilities. Such heterogeneity can significantly distort the optimization dynamics and lead to objective inconsistency, where the global model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shudi Weng , Chao Ren , Ming Xiao , Mikael Skoglund

Federated learning (FL) facilitates the secure utilization of decentralized images, advancing applications in medical image recognition and autonomous driving. However, conventional FL faces two critical challenges in real-world deployment:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shiwei Lu , Yuhang He , Jiashuo Li , Qiang Wang , Yihong Gong

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative method for training models while preserving data privacy in decentralized settings. However, FL encounters challenges related to data heterogeneity, which can result in performance degradation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Seongyoon Kim , Gihun Lee , Jaehoon Oh , Se-Young Yun

Data heterogeneity across clients is one of the key challenges in Federated Learning (FL), which may slow down the global model convergence and even weaken global model performance. Most existing approaches tackle the heterogeneity by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jun Nie , Danyang Xiao , Lei Yang , Weigang Wu

Federated learning (FL) is severely challenged by non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) client data, a problem that degrades global model performance, especially in multimodal perception settings. Conventional methods often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jing Liu , Zhengliang Guo , Yan Wang , Xiaoguang Zhu , Yao Du , Zehua Wang , Victor C. M. Leung

With an increasing number of smart devices like internet of things (IoT) devices deployed in the field, offloadingtraining of neural networks (NNs) to a central server becomes more and more infeasible. Recent efforts toimprove users'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Kilian Pfeiffer , Martin Rapp , Ramin Khalili , Jörg Henkel

Quantum federated learning (QFL) combines quantum computing and federated learning to enable decentralized model training while maintaining data privacy. QFL can improve computational efficiency and scalability by taking advantage of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Ratun Rahman , Dinh C. Nguyen , Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Walid Saad

Federated Learning provides a privacy-preserving paradigm for distributed learning, but suffers from statistical heterogeneity across clients. Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) mitigates this issue by considering client-specific models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Ala Emrani , Amir Najafi , Abolfazl Motahari

Federated learning-assisted edge intelligence enables privacy protection in modern intelligent services. However, not independent and identically distributed (non-IID) distribution among edge clients can impair the local model performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yu Qiao , Md. Shirajum Munir , Apurba Adhikary , Huy Q. Le , Avi Deb Raha , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

While deep learning models like Vision Transformer (ViT) have achieved significant advances, they typically require large datasets. With data privacy regulations, access to many original datasets is restricted, especially medical images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyuan Zhao , Yihang Wu , Ahmad Chaddad , Tareef Daqqaq , Reem Kateb

Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative training while ensuring data privacy across distributed edge devices, making it a popular solution for privacy-sensitive applications. However, FL faces significant challenges due to statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Huy Q. Le , Latif U. Khan , Choong Seon Hong

Federated Learning (FL) aims to train high-quality models in collaboration with distributed clients while not uploading their local data, which attracts increasing attention in both academia and industry. However, there is still a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Daoyuan Chen , Dawei Gao , Yuexiang Xie , Xuchen Pan , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Federated learning enables multiple medical institutions to train a global model without sharing data, yet feature heterogeneity from diverse scanners or protocols remains a major challenge. Many existing works attempt to address this issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Xingyue Zhao , Wenke Huang , Xingguang Wang , Haoyu Zhao , Linghao Zhuang , Anwen Jiang , Guancheng Wan , Mang Ye

Vertical federated learning (VFL), a variant of Federated Learning (FL), has recently drawn increasing attention as the VFL matches the enterprises' demands of leveraging more valuable features to achieve better model performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Yuanqin He , Yan Kang , Xinyuan Zhao , Jiahuan Luo , Lixin Fan , Yuxing Han , Qiang Yang

We consider Decision-Focused Federated Learning (DFFL), a predict-then-optimize setting in which multiple clients collaboratively train predictive models for downstream linear optimization problems without exchanging raw data. Besides the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Konstantinos Ziliaskopoulos , Alexander Vinel

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among distributed devices without data sharing, but existing FL suffers from poor scalability because of global model synchronization. To address this issue, hierarchical…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Tianyu Qi , Yufeng Zhan , Peng Li , Jingcai Guo , Yuanqing Xia

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training across multiple clients while preserving data privacy, yet it struggles with data heterogeneity, where clients' data are not distributed independently and identically (non-IID). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Incheol Baek , Hyungbin Kim , Minseo Kim , Yon Dohn Chung

Federated Learning (FL) allows training machine learning models in privacy-constrained scenarios by enabling the cooperation of edge devices without requiring local data sharing. This approach raises several challenges due to the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riccardo Zaccone , Andrea Rizzardi , Debora Caldarola , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

Many of the machine learning tasks rely on centralized learning (CL), which requires the transmission of local datasets from the clients to a parameter server (PS) entailing huge communication overhead. To overcome this, federated learning…

As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) enables all the involved devices to train a global model collaboratively without exposing their local data privacy. However, for non-IID scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Ming Hu , Tian Liu , Zhiwei Ling , Zhihao Yue , Mingsong Chen