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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit excellent performance in natural language processing (NLP), but remain highly sensitive to the quality of input queries, especially when these queries contain misleading or inaccurate information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guocong Li , Weize Liu , Yihang Wu , Ping Wang , Shuaihan Huang , Hongxia Xu , Jian Wu

Large Vision-Language Models have demonstrated exceptional performance in multimodal reasoning and complex scene understanding. However, these models still face significant hallucination issues, where outputs contradict visual facts. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Wei Suo , Hanzu Zhang , Lijun Zhang , Ji Ma , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various natural language processing tasks. However, they are prone to generating fluent yet untruthful responses, known as "hallucinations". Hallucinations can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Minda Hu , Bowei He , Yufei Wang , Liangyou Li , Chen Ma , Irwin King

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and medical education, where the risk of generating factually incorrect (i.e., hallucinated) information is a major concern. While significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Lucky Susanto , Anasta Pranawijayana , Cortino Sukotjo , Soni Prasad , Derry Wijaya

The propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate hallucinations and non-factual content undermines their reliability in high-stakes domains, where rigorous control over Type I errors (the conditional probability of incorrectly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Fan Nie , Xiaotian Hou , Shuhang Lin , James Zou , Huaxiu Yao , Linjun Zhang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and describing visual content, achieving state-of-the-art performance across various vision-language tasks. However, these models often generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Kazi Hasan Ibn Arif , Sajib Acharjee Dip , Khizar Hussain , Lang Zhang , Chris Thomas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful computational models trained on extensive corpora of human-readable text, enabling them to perform general-purpose language understanding and generation. LLMs have garnered significant attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Liam Barkley , Brink van der Merwe

Language models have shown strong capabilities across a wide range of tasks in software engineering, such as code generation, yet they suffer from hallucinations. While hallucinations have been studied independently in natural language and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chunhua Liu , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Hallucination is a persistent challenge in large language models (LLMs), where even with rigorous quality control, models often generate distorted facts. This paradox, in which error generation continues despite high-quality training data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuji Zhang , Sha Li , Cheng Qian , Jiateng Liu , Pengfei Yu , Chi Han , Yi R. Fung , Kathleen McKeown , Chengxiang Zhai , Manling Li , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinated content, posing significant challenges for applications where factuality is crucial. While existing hallucination detection methods typically operate at the sentence level or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Albert Sawczyn , Jakub Binkowski , Denis Janiak , Bogdan Gabrys , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Large language models (LLMs) can suffer from hallucinations when generating text. These hallucinations impede various applications in society and industry by making LLMs untrustworthy. Current LLMs generate text in an autoregressive fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lukas Aichberger , Kajetan Schweighofer , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Sepp Hochreiter

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in mission-critical software systems, detecting hallucinations and ``faked truthfulness'' has become a paramount engineering challenge. Current reliability architectures rely heavily…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jonathan Pan

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to hallucinations -- factually incorrect outputs -- leading to a large body of work on detecting and mitigating such cases. We argue that it is important to distinguish between two types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

Hallucinations pose a significant obstacle to the reliability and widespread adoption of language models, yet their accurate measurement remains a persistent challenge. While many task- and domain-specific metrics have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Atharva Kulkarni , Yuan Zhang , Joel Ruben Antony Moniz , Xiou Ge , Bo-Hsiang Tseng , Dhivya Piraviperumal , Swabha Swayamdipta , Hong Yu

Reducing and detecting hallucinations in large language models is an open research problem. In this project, we attempt to leverage recent advances in the field of uncertainty estimation to reduce hallucinations in frozen large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shreyas Verma , Kien Tran , Yusuf Ali , Guangyu Min

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in bridging the gap between visual and language modalities. However, hallucinations in MLLMs, where the generated text does not align with image content, continue to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Kohou Wang , Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Large language models (LMs) are prone to generate factual errors, which are often called hallucinations. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive taxonomy of hallucinations and argue that hallucinations manifest in diverse forms, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Abhika Mishra , Akari Asai , Vidhisha Balachandran , Yizhong Wang , Graham Neubig , Yulia Tsvetkov , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), i.e., the tendency to generate plausible but non-factual content, pose a significant challenge for their reliable deployment in high-stakes environments. However, existing hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yitong Qiao , Licheng Pan , Yu Mi , Lei Liu , Yue Shen , Fei Sun , Zhixuan Chu