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With the development of large language models (LLMs), it has become increasingly important to optimize hardware usage and improve throughput. In this paper, we study the inference optimization of the serving system that deploys LLMs. To…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Ruifeng She , Feifan Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

The immense model sizes of large language models (LLMs) challenge deployment on memory-limited consumer GPUs. Although model compression and parameter offloading are common strategies to address memory limitations, compression can degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Pei-Shuo Wang , Jian-Jia Chen , Chun-Che Yang , Chi-Chih Chang , Ning-Chi Huang , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Kai-Chiang Wu

The application of Transformer-based large models has achieved numerous success in recent years. However, the exponential growth in the parameters of large models introduces formidable memory challenge for edge deployment. Prior works to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Xueyuan Han , Zinuo Cai , Yichu Zhang , Chongxin Fan , Junhan Liu , Ruhui Ma , Rajkumar Buyya

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, distributed inference has become increasingly important. Model-parallel strategies must now efficiently scale not only across multiple GPUs but also across multiple nodes. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Prajwal Singhania , Siddharth Singh , Lannie Dalton Hough , Akarsh Srivastava , Harshitha Menon , Charles Fredrick Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele

Tremendous success of machine learning (ML) and the unabated growth in ML model complexity motivated many ML-specific designs in both CPU and accelerator architectures to speed up the model inference. While these architectures are diverse,…

Efficient LLM inference is critical for real-world applications, especially within heterogeneous GPU clusters commonly found in organizations and on-premise datacenters as GPU architecture rapidly evolves. Current disaggregated prefill…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yunzhao Liu , Qiang Xu , Y. Charlie Hu

Deep Recommender Models (DLRMs) inference is a fundamental AI workload accounting for more than 79% of the total AI workload in Meta's data centers. DLRMs' performance bottleneck is found in the embedding layers, which perform many random…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Giuseppe Ruggeri , Renzo Andri , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Lukas Cavigelli

Major challenges in LLMs inference remain frequent memory bandwidth bottlenecks, computational redundancy, and inefficiencies in long-sequence processing. To address these issues, we propose LLM-CoOpt, a comprehensive algorithmhardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jie Kong , Wei Wang , Jiehan Zhou , Chen Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various artificial intelligence tasks. However, their enormous sizes and computational demands pose significant challenges for the deployment on edge devices. To address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kai Zhang , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Modern software systems generate massive volumes of runtime logs, necessitating efficient and accurate log parsing to enable critical downstream tasks such as anomaly detection and root cause analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yilun Wang , Pengfei Chen , Haiyu Huang , Zilong He , Gou Tan , Chuanfu Zhang , Jingkai He , Zibin Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Due to the large number of parameters, the inference phase of Large Language Models (LLMs) is resource-intensive. However, not all requests posed to LLMs are equally difficult to handle. Through analysis, we show that for some tasks, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Siqi Fan , Xin Jiang , Xiang Li , Xuying Meng , Peng Han , Shuo Shang , Aixin Sun , Yequan Wang , Zhongyuan Wang

As inference on Large Language Models (LLMs) emerges as an important workload in machine learning applications, weight quantization has become a standard technique for efficient GPU deployment. Quantization not only reduces model size, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Elias Frantar , Roberto L. Castro , Jiale Chen , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

LLM inference exhibits substantial variability across queries and execution phases, yet inference configurations are often applied uniformly. We present a measurement-driven characterization of workload heterogeneity and energy-performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Paul Joe Maliakel , Shashikant Ilager , Ivona Brandic

Scaling the input context length of a large language model (LLM) incurs a significant increase in computation cost and memory footprint to maintain the attention key-value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache compression methods suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yuxiang Huang , Binhang Yuan , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu

Hyperscale large language model (LLM) inference places extraordinary demands on cloud systems, where even brief failures can translate into significant user and business impact. To better understand and mitigate these risks, we present one…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Bhala Ranganathan , Mickey Zhang , Kai Wu

Most Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently deployed in the cloud, with users relying on internet connectivity for access. However, this paradigm faces challenges such as network latency, privacy concerns, and bandwidth limits. Thus,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Xu , Long Peng , Shezheng Song , Xiaodong Liu , Ma Jun , Shasha Li , Jie Yu , Xiaoguang Mao

LLM-based recommender systems have made significant progress; however, the deployment cost associated with the large parameter volume of LLMs still hinders their real-world applications. This work explores parameter pruning to improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shanle Zheng , Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He