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We provide a general theory of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for inferring high dimensional latent variable models. In particular, we make two contributions: (i) For parameter estimation, we propose a novel high dimensional EM…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-28 Zhaoran Wang , Quanquan Gu , Yang Ning , Han Liu

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is a well-known iterative method for computing maximum likelihood estimates from incomplete data. Despite its numerous advantages, a main drawback of the EM algorithm is its frequently observed…

Computation · Statistics 2018-08-14 Nicholas C. Henderson , Ravi Varadhan

This paper presents the constrained Hybrid Metaheuristic (cHM) algorithm as a general framework for continuous optimisation. Unlike many existing metaheuristics that are tailored to specific function classes or problem domains, cHM is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Piotr A. Kowalski , Szymon Kucharczyk , Jacek Mańdziuk

Tensor-based discrete density estimation requires flexible modeling and proper divergence criteria to enable effective learning; however, traditional approaches using $\alpha$-divergence face analytical challenges due to the $\alpha$-power…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-26 Kazu Ghalamkari , Jesper Løve Hinrich , Morten Mørup

The EM algorithm is a novel numerical method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates and is often used for practical calculations. However, many of maximum likelihood estimation problems are nonconvex, and it is known that the EM algorithm…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-16 Hideyuki Miyahara , Koji Tsumura

Latent class model (LCM), which is a finite mixture of different categorical distributions, is one of the most widely used models in statistics and machine learning fields. Because of its non-continuous nature and the flexibility in shape,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Hao Chen , Lanshan Han , Alvin Lim

In this paper, we propose a dynamical systems perspective of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. More precisely, we can analyze the EM algorithm as a nonlinear state-space dynamical system. The EM algorithm is widely adopted for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-05 Orlando Romero , Sarthak Chatterjee , Sérgio Pequito

Generalising the idea of the classical EM algorithm that is widely used for computing maximum likelihood estimates, we propose an EM-Control (EM-C) algorithm for solving multi-period finite time horizon stochastic control problems. The new…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2016-11-08 Steven Kou , Xianhua Peng , Xingbo Xu

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a popular choice for learning latent variable models. Variants of the EM have been initially introduced, using incremental updates to scale to large datasets, and using Monte Carlo (MC)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-22 Belhal Karimi , Ping Li

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates when data are incomplete or are treated as being incomplete. The EM algorithm and its variants are commonly used for parameter…

Computation · Statistics 2013-06-26 Ryan P. Browne , Sanjeena Subedi , Paul McNicholas

Improved EM strategies, based on the idea of efficient data augmentation (Meng and van Dyk 1997, 1998), are presented for ML estimation of mixture proportions. The resulting algorithms inherit the simplicity, ease of implementation, and…

Computation · Statistics 2010-02-22 Yaming Yu

This paper provides a mixture modeling framework using the bivariate generalized exponential distribution. We study different properties of this mixture distribution. Hierarchical EM algorithm is developed for finding the estimates of the…

Computation · Statistics 2018-04-03 Arabin Kumar Dey , Debasis Kundu , Tumati Kiran Kumar

We study the Bayesian approach to variable selection in the context of linear regression. Motivated by a recent work by Rockova and George (2014), we propose an EM algorithm that returns the MAP estimate of the set of relevant variables.…

Computation · Statistics 2016-03-15 Jin Wang , Feng Liang , Yuan Ji

Expectation Maximization (EM) is among the most popular algorithms for estimating parameters of statistical models. However, EM, which is an iterative algorithm based on the maximum likelihood principle, is generally only guaranteed to find…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-30 Ji Xu , Daniel Hsu , Arian Maleki

We propose a new approach for estimating the parameters of a probability distribution. It consists on combining two new methods of estimation. The first is based on the definition of a new distance measuring the difference between…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-12-30 Ahmed Guellil , Tewfik Kernane

We propose a general algorithmic framework for constrained matrix and tensor factorization, which is widely used in signal processing and machine learning. The new framework is a hybrid between alternating optimization (AO) and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-24 Kejun Huang , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Athanasios P. Liavas

In this paper, we address the identification problem for the systems characterized by linear time-invariant dynamics with bilinear observation models. More precisely, we consider a suitable parametric description of the system and formulate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-24 Diyou Liu , Mohammad Khosravi

We develop a general framework for proving rigorous guarantees on the performance of the EM algorithm and a variant known as gradient EM. Our analysis is divided into two parts: a treatment of these algorithms at the population level (in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Martin J. Wainwright , Bin Yu

Covariate balance is a conventional key diagnostic for methods used estimating causal effects from observational studies. Recently, there is an emerging interest in directly incorporating covariate balance in the estimation. We study a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-14 Qingyuan Zhao , Daniel Percival

Achieving human-level dexterity in contact-rich, tool-mediated manipulation remains a significant challenge due to visual occlusion and the underdetermined nature of haptic sensing. This paper introduces a parameterized Equilibrium Manifold…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Lin Yang , Anirvan Dutta , Yuan Ji , Yanxin Zhou , Shilin Shan , Lv Chen , Etienne Burdet , Domenico Campolo
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