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In this paper, we present a Hoare-style logic for reasoning about quantum programs with classical variables. Our approach offers several improvements over previous work: (1) Enhanced expressivity of the programming language: Our logic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingsheng Ying

Formal verification provides strong guarantees of correctness of software, which are especially important in safety or security critical systems. Hoare logic is a widely used formalism for rigorous verification of software against…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Jayaraj Poroor

Hoare logic provides a syntax-oriented method to reason about program correctness and has been proven effective in the verification of classical and probabilistic programs. Existing proposals for quantum Hoare logic either lack completeness…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Yuan Feng , Mingsheng Ying

This paper summarises the results obtained by the author and his collaborators in a program logic approach to the verification of quantum programs, including quantum Hoare logic, invariant generation and termination analysis for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Mingsheng Ying

Hoare logic is a foundation of axiomatic semantics of classical programs and it provides effective proof techniques for reasoning about correctness of classical programs. To offer similar techniques for quantum program verification and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-26 Mingsheng Ying

As quantum computers become real, it is high time we come up with effective techniques that help programmers write correct quantum programs. Inspired by Hoare Type Theory in classical computing, we propose Quantum Hoare Type Theory (QHTT),…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Kartik Singhal

Current approaches for formal verification of algorithms face important limitations. For specification, they cannot express algorithms naturally and concisely, especially for algorithms with states and flexible control flow. For…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Chengxi Yang , Shushu Wu , Qinxiang Cao

As quantum computers become real, it is high time we come up with effective techniques that help programmers write correct quantum programs. In classical computing, formal verification and sound static type systems prevent several classes…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Kartik Singhal , John Reppy

Dynamically typed object-oriented languages enable programmers to write elegant, reusable and extensible programs. However, with the current methodology for program verification, the absence of static type information creates significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Björn Engelmann , Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog , Nils Erik Flick

We propose a general framework to allow: (a) specifying the operational semantics of a programming language; and (b) stating and proving properties about program correctness. Our framework is based on a many-sorted system of hybrid modal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ioana Leustean , Natalia Moanga , Traian Florin Serbanuta

Distributed quantum systems and especially the Quantum Internet have the ever-increasing potential to fully demonstrate the power of quantum computation. This is particularly true given that developing a general-purpose quantum computer is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Yuan Feng , Sanjiang Li , Mingsheng Ying

Programs must be correct with respect to their application domain. Yet, the program specification and verification approaches so far only consider correctness in terms of computations. In this work, we present a two-tier Hoare Logic that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Eduard Kamburjan , Dilian Gurov

Thanks to the rapid progress and growing complexity of quantum algorithms, correctness of quantum programs has become a major concern. Pioneering research over the past years has proposed various approaches to formally verify quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Anurudh Peduri , Ina Schaefer , Michael Walter

We report on work in progress on automatic procedures for proving properties of programs written in higher-order functional languages. Our approach encodes higher-order programs directly as first-order SMT problems over Horn clauses. It is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-25 Nikolaj Bjorner , Ken McMillan , Andrey Rybalchenko

A reliable method for characterizing quantum operations that is suitable for improving and validating their accuracies is indispensable for realizing a practical quantum computer. Known methods are still not sufficient because they lack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Takanori Sugiyama , Shinpei Imori , Fuyuhiko Tanaka

Quantitative automata model beyond-boolean aspects of systems: every execution is mapped to a real number by incorporating weighted transitions and value functions that generalize acceptance conditions of boolean $\omega$-automata. Despite…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Marek Chalupa , Thomas A. Henzinger , Nicolas Mazzocchi , N. Ege Saraç

In deductive verification and software model checking, dealing with certain specification language constructs can be problematic when the back-end solver is not sufficiently powerful or lacks the required theories. One way to deal with this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jesper Amilon , Zafer Esen , Dilian Gurov , Christian Lidström , Philipp Rümmer

While recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. Early attempts either…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Christophe Chareton , Sébastien Bardin , François Bobot , Valentin Perrelle , Benoit Valiron

Automated verification tools based on SMT solvers have made significant progress in verifying complex software systems. However, these tools face a fundamental tension between automation and performance when dealing with quantifier…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Alexander Y. Bai , Chris Hawblitzel , Andrea Lattuada

Quantum Hoare logic (QHL) is a formal verification tool specifically designed to ensure the correctness of quantum programs. There has been an ongoing challenge to achieve a relatively complete satisfaction-based QHL with while-loop since…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Xin Sun , Xingchi Su , Xiaoning Bian , Huiwen Wu
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