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With the rapid advancement of large language models and vision-language models, employing large models as Web Agents has become essential for automated web interaction. However, training Web Agents with reinforcement learning faces critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ziyuan Chen , Zhenghui Zhao , Zhangye Han , Miancan Liu , Xianhang Ye , Yiqing Li , Hongbo Min , Jinkui Ren , Xiantao Zhang , Guitao Cao

Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) improves LLM performance through layered collaboration, but its dense topology raises costs and latency. Existing methods employ LLM judges to filter responses, yet still require all models to perform inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jize Wang , Han Wu , Zhiyuan You , Yiming Song , Yijun Wang , Zifei Shan , Yining Li , Songyang Zhang , Xinyi Le , Cailian Chen , Xinping Guan , Dacheng Tao

This paper introduces MANGO (Multilayer Abstraction for Nested Generation of Options), a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework designed to address the challenges of long-term sparse reward environments. MANGO decomposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Alessio Arcudi , Davide Sartor , Alberto Sinigaglia , Vincent François-Lavet , Gian Antonio Susto

Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in autonomous code generation under loose specifications. However, production-grade software requires strict adherence to structural constraints, such as architectural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Francesco Dente , Dario Satriani , Paolo Papotti

As Network-on-Chip (NoC) and Wireless Sensor Network architectures continue to scale, the topology of the underlying network becomes a critical factor in performance. Gaussian Interconnected Networks based on the arithmetic of Gaussian…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mohammad Walid Charrwi , Zaid Hussain

Although machine learning (ML) shows potential in improving query optimization by generating and selecting more efficient plans, ensuring the robustness of learning-based cost models (LCMs) remains challenging. These LCMs currently lack…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Baoming Chang , Amin Kamali , Verena Kantere

With the reduction of satellite costs and the enhancement of processing capabilities, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations can independently build inter-satellite networks without relying on traditional ground stations restricted…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Xue Sun , Changhao Li , Lei Yan , Suzhi Cao

Understanding visual scenes requires not only recognizing objects but also reasoning about their spatial relationships. Unlike general vision-language tasks, spatial reasoning requires integrating multiple inductive biases, such as 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chan Yeong Hwang , Miso Choi , Sunghyun On , Jinkyu Kim , Jungbeom Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach to mitigate large language model (LLM) hallucinations by incorporating external knowledge retrieval. However, existing RAG frameworks often apply retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jennifer Healey , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Accurately predicting travel mode choice is essential for effective transportation planning, yet traditional statistical and machine learning models are constrained by rigid assumptions, limited contextual reasoning, and reduced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yiming Xu , Junfeng Jiao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated significant effectiveness in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for complex multi-hop question answering (QA). For multi-hop QA tasks, current iterative approaches predominantly rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yuling Shi , Maolin Sun , Zijun Liu , Mo Yang , Yixiong Fang , Tianran Sun , Xiaodong Gu

Contract management involves reviewing and negotiating provisions, individual clauses that define rights, obligations, and terms of agreement. During this process, revisions to provisions are proposed and iteratively refined, some of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kristi Topollai , Tolga Dimlioglu , Anna Choromanska , Simon Odie , Reginald Hui

Code reproduction is a cornerstone of scientific validity, yet it remains a formidable challenge in computer networking research due to the scarcity of open-source implementations and the complexity of heterogeneous system architectures.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yining Jiang , Yunxin Xu , Wenyun Xu , Yufan Zhu , Tangtang He , Haiying Huang , Letian Zhu , Qingyu Song , Qiang Su , Lizhao You , Lu Tang , Wanjin Feng , Yuchao Zhang , Linghe Kong , Qiao Xiang , Jiwu Shu

Various industries have produced a large number of documents such as industrial plans, technical guidelines, and regulations that are structurally complex and content-wise fragmented. This poses significant challenges for experts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hongjia Wu , Hongxin Zhang , Wei Chen , Jiazhi Xia

Small language models (SLMs) support efficient deployments on resource-constrained edge devices, but their limited capacity compromises inference performance. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising solution to enhance model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shangyu Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Xiaoyao Huang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Jie Wu

Satellite networks with wide coverage are considered natural extensions to terrestrial networks for their long-distance end-to-end (E2E) service provisioning. However, the inherent topology dynamics of low earth orbit satellite networks and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Chenxi Bao , Di Zhou , Min Sheng , Yan Shi , Jiandong Li , Zhili Sun

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, the efficacy of RAG is often bottlenecked by the ``one-size-fits-all'' retrieval paradigm, as different queries exhibit distinct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tong Zhao , Yutao Zhu , Yucheng Tian , Zhicheng Dou

Multi-agent systems (MAS) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to solve tasks that are beyond the reach of any single LLM. However, this potential can only be realized when the collaboration mechanism between agents is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Samuel Horvath , Karthik Nandakumar

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a new paradigm for enhancing Large Language Model reliability through integration with external knowledge sources. However, efficient deployment of these systems presents significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Bodun Hu , Luis Pabon , Saurabh Agarwal , Aditya Akella