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The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

Post-hoc calibration is usually evaluated as a function of logits or softmax confidence alone, even as routing-augmented architectures increasingly accompany predictions with sample-specific internal routing traces and pair them with claims…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenhao Liang , Lin Yue , Wei Emma Zhang , Miao Xu , Mingyu Guo , Olaf Maennel , Weitong Chen

Despite significant advancements in the general capability of large language models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with consistent and accurate reasoning, especially in complex tasks such as mathematical and code reasoning. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenwen Liang , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Xiangliang Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

We introduce Parallel Coordinated Reasoning (PaCoRe), a training-and-inference framework designed to overcome a central limitation of contemporary language models: their inability to scale test-time compute (TTC) far beyond sequential…

Most classification models work by first predicting a posterior probability distribution over all classes and then selecting that class with the largest estimated probability. In many settings however, the quality of posterior probability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Taehee Jung , Dongyeop Kang , Hua Cheng , Lucas Mentch , Thomas Schaaf

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have predominantly focused on maximizing accuracy and reasoning capabilities, often overlooking crucial computational efficiency considerations. While this approach has yielded impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Marwan AbdElhameed , Pavly Halim

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become a crucial tool for reducing the memory and compute costs of modern deep neural networks, including large language models (LLMs). Among PTQ algorithms, the OPTQ framework-also known as GPTQ-has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haoyu Zhang , Shihao Zhang , Ian Colbert , Rayan Saab

Test-time scaling has emerged as a widely adopted inference-time strategy for boosting reasoning performance. However, its effectiveness has been studied almost exclusively in English, leaving its behavior in other languages largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Prasoon Bajpai , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLL-Ms) excel at chain-of-thought reasoning but face distribution shift at test-time and a lack of verifiable supervision. Recent test-time reinforcement learning (TTRL) methods derive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jianghao Wu , Yasmeen George , Jin Ye , Yicheng Wu , Daniel F. Schmidt , Jianfei Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) currently respond to every prompt. However, they can produce incorrect answers when they lack knowledge or capability -- a problem known as hallucination. We instead propose post-training an LLM to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Tim Franzmeyer , Archie Sravankumar , Lijuan Liu , Yuning Mao , Rui Hou , Sinong Wang , Jakob N. Foerster , Luke Zettlemoyer , Madian Khabsa

The scalability of large language models for long-context reasoning is severely constrained by the linear growth of their Transformer key-value cache, which incurs significant memory and computational costs. We posit that as a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Giovanni Monea , Yair Feldman , Shankar Padmanabhan , Kianté Brantley , Yoav Artzi

Post-training model quantization is a widely adopted technique for reducing the memory and computational costs of large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods rely on uniform or heuristic bitwidth assignments, failing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chao Zhang , Li Wang , Samson Lasaulce , Merouane Debbah

Low-bit attention, such as SageAttention, has emerged as an effective approach for accelerating model inference, but its applicability to training remains poorly understood. In prior work, we introduced SageBwd, a trainable INT8 attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jintao Zhang , Marco Chen , Haoxu Wang , Kai Jiang , Ion Stoica , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

As the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) accelerates, token consumption from intermediate reasoning traces increasingly contributes to inference latency and operational cost. Recent studies suggest that many real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Richmond Sin Jing Xuan , Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

Neural end-to-end TTS can generate very high-quality synthesized speech, and even close to human recording within similar domain text. However, it performs unsatisfactory when scaling it to challenging test sets. One concern is that the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-23 Yibin Zheng , Xi Wang , Lei He , Shifeng Pan , Frank K. Soong , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao

Frontier AI models have achieved remarkable progress, yet recent studies suggest they struggle with compositional reasoning, often performing at or below random chance on established benchmarks. We revisit this problem and show that widely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yinglun Zhu , Jiancheng Zhang , Fuzhi Tang

Large language model inference is often bounded by memory footprint and bandwidth in resource-constrained deployments, making quantization fundamental to efficient serving. While post-training quantization (PTQ) maintains high fidelity at…

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods -- most notably majority voting and heuristic token-level scoring -- treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kai Zhang , Jiayi Liao , Chengpeng Li , Ziyuan Xie , Sihang Li , Xiang Wang

The Conformer model is an excellent architecture for speech recognition modeling that effectively utilizes the hybrid losses of connectionist temporal classification (CTC) and attention to train model parameters. To improve the decoding…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Nick J. C. Wang , Zongfeng Quan , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao