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Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to migrate legacy code to modern stacks. We ask a deceptively simple question: when an LLM modernizes legacy code, can the same model be relied upon to recognize when its own output…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gokul Chandra Purnachandra Reddy , Aditya Lolla , Harsha Sanku

Log-based anomaly detection (LogAD) is critical for maintaining the reliability and availability of large-scale online service systems. While machine learning, deep learning, and large language models (LLMs)-based methods have advanced the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Junjie Huang , Minghua He , Jinyang Liu , Yintong Huo , Domenico Bianculli , Michael R. Lyu

Log analysis represents a critical sub-domain within AI applications that facilitates automatic approaches to fault and error management of large-scaled software systems, saving labors of traditional manual methods. While existing solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yuhe Ji , Yilun Liu , Feiyu Yao , Minggui He , Shimin Tao , Xiaofeng Zhao , Su Chang , Xinhua Yang , Weibin Meng , Yuming Xie , Boxing Chen , Shenglin Zhang , Yongqian Sun

Rule-based network intrusion detection systems play a crucial role in the real-time detection of Web attacks. However, most existing works primarily focus on automatically generating detection rules for new attacks, often overlooking the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiarui Li , Yuhan Chai , Lei Du , Chenyun Duan , Hao Yan , Zhaoquan Gu

Logging code is written by developers to capture system runtime behavior and plays a vital role in debugging, performance analysis, and system monitoring. However, defects in logging code can undermine the usefulness of logs and lead to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xin Wang , Zhenhao Li , Zishuo Ding

Effective security logging is crucial for the timely and accurate detection of cyber threats; however, the relative effectiveness of various industry-standard logging frameworks remains understudied. This paper addresses this critical gap…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ryan Holeman , John Hastings , Varghese Mathew Vaidyan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has transformed sequential decision-making, but traditional algorithms like Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) often struggle with efficient exploration, stability, and adaptability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Umberto Gonçalves de Sousa

Anomaly detection based on system logs plays an important role in intelligent operations, which is a challenging task due to the extremely complex log patterns. Existing methods detect anomalies by capturing the sequential dependencies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Ling Chen , Chaodu Song , Xu Wang , Dachao Fu , Feifei Li

In this paper, we present a challenging code reasoning task: vulnerability detection. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results in natural-language and math reasoning, but state-of-the-art (SOTA) models reported only 54.5%…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Benjamin Steenhoek , Md Mahbubur Rahman , Monoshi Kumar Roy , Mirza Sanjida Alam , Hengbo Tong , Swarna Das , Earl T. Barr , Wei Le

Log data are essential for intrusion detection and forensic investigations. However, manual log analysis is tedious due to high data volumes, heterogeneous event formats, and unstructured messages. Even though many automated methods for log…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Max Landauer , Wolfgang Hotwagner , Thorina Boenke , Florian Skopik , Markus Wurzenberger

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

Many Security Operations Centers (SOCs) today still heavily rely on signature-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) such as Suricata. The specificity of intrusion detection rules and the coverage provided by rulesets are common…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Koen T. W. Teuwen , Tom Mulders , Emmanuele Zambon , Luca Allodi

Unlike the flow structure of natural languages, programming languages have an inherent rigidity in structure and grammar.However, existing detection methods based on pre-trained models typically treat code as a natural language sequence,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Yingfei Xiong , Zhi Jin

The detection of anomalies is essential mining task for the security and reliability in computer systems. Logs are a common and major data source for anomaly detection methods in almost every computer system. They collect a range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Sasho Nedelkoski , Jasmin Bogatinovski , Alexander Acker , Jorge Cardoso , Odej Kao

Effective e-commerce risk management requires in-depth case investigations to identify emerging fraud patterns in highly adversarial environments. However, manual investigation typically requires analyzing the associations and couplings…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Nan Lu , Yurong Hu , Jiaquan Fang , Yan Liu , Rui Dong , Yiming Wang , Rui Lin , Shaoyi Xu

Anomaly detection in event logs is a promising approach for intrusion detection in enterprise networks. By building a statistical model of usual activity, it aims to detect multiple kinds of malicious behavior, including stealthy tactics,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Corentin Larroche , Johan Mazel , Stephan Clémençon

User authentication and fraud detection face growing challenges as digital systems expand and adversaries adopt increasingly sophisticated tactics. Traditional knowledge-based authentication remains rigid, requiring exact word-for-word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Emunah S-S. Chan , Aldar C-F. Chan

Modern software development and operations rely on monitoring to understand how systems behave in production. The data provided by application logs and runtime environment are essential to detect and diagnose undesired behavior and improve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Jeanderson Barros Cândido , Maurício Finavaro Aniche , Arie van Deursen

The rapid adoption of LLMs has increased the need for reliable AI text detection, yet existing detectors often fail outside controlled benchmarks. We systematically evaluate 2 dominant paradigms (training-free and supervised) and show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jivnesh Sandhan , Harshit Jaiswal , Fei Cheng , Yugo Murawaki

Log analysis is one of the main techniques that engineers use for troubleshooting large-scale software systems. Over the years, many supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised log analysis methods have been proposed to detect system…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yongzheng Xie , Hongyu Zhang , Muhammad Ali Babar