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Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly serve as consumers of API specifications, whether for code generation, autonomous agent interaction, or API-assisted reasoning. The de facto standard for API description, OpenAPI, was designed for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Daniel Garcia

Large language models (LLMs) have reshaped the landscape of program synthesis. However, contemporary LLM-based code completion systems often hallucinate broken code because they lack appropriate context, particularly when working with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Andrew Blinn , Xiang Li , June Hyung Kim , Cyrus Omar

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has been proposed as a unifying standard for connecting large language models (LLMs) with external tools and resources, promising the same role for AI integration that HTTP and USB played for the Web and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hechuan Guo , Yongle Hao , Yue Zhang , Minghui Xu , Peizhuo Lv , Jiezhi Chen , Xiuzhen Cheng

This paper presents an overview and features of an Analysis Description Language (ADL) designed for HEP data analysis. ADL is a domain specific, declarative language that describes the physics content of an analysis in a standard and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Harrison B. Prosper , Sezen Sekmen , Gokhan Unel , Arpon Paul

Online abuse has grown increasingly complex, spanning toxic language, harassment, manipulation, and fraudulent behavior. Traditional machine-learning approaches dependent on static classifiers and labor-intensive labeling struggle to keep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Suraj Kath , Sanket Badhe , Preet Shah , Ashwin Sampathkumar , Shivani Gupta

The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 and now governed by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, has rapidly become the de facto standard for connecting large language model (LLM)-based agents to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nirajan Acharya , Gaurav Kumar Gupta

The rapid proliferation of LLM agent frameworks has forced developers to choose between vendor lock-in through provider-specific SDKs and complex multi-package ecosystems that obscure control flow and hinder reproducibility. Integrating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Alexander Roman , Jacob Roman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly serving as autonomous agents, and their utilization of external tools via the Model Context Protocol (MCP) is considered a future trend. Current MCP evaluation sets suffer from issues such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Wenrui Liu , Zixiang Liu , Elsie Dai , Wenhan Yu , Lei Yu , Tong Yang , Jinjun Han , Hong Gao

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a widely adopted mechanism for connecting large language models to external tools and resources. While MCP promises seamless extensibility and rich integrations, it also introduces a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zhihao Li , Kun Li , Boyang Ma , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng

To reduce development overhead and enable seamless integration between potential components comprising any given generative AI application, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) (Anthropic, 2024) has recently been released and subsequently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Brandon Radosevich , John Halloran

Analyzing unstructured data has been a persistent challenge in data processing. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in this regard, leading to recent proposals for declarative frameworks for LLM-powered processing of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Shreya Shankar , Tristan Chambers , Tarak Shah , Aditya G. Parameswaran , Eugene Wu

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically discover and invoke third-party tools, significantly expanding agent capabilities while introducing a distinct security landscape. Unlike prompt-only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mehrdad Rostamzadeh , Sidhant Narula , Nahom Birhan , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Daniel Takabi

We introduce TableLLM, a robust large language model (LLM) with 8 billion parameters, purpose-built for proficiently handling tabular data manipulation tasks, whether they are embedded within documents or spreadsheets, catering to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xiaokang Zhang , Sijia Luo , Bohan Zhang , Zeyao Ma , Jing Zhang , Yang Li , Guanlin Li , Zijun Yao , Kangli Xu , Jinchang Zhou , Daniel Zhang-Li , Jifan Yu , Shu Zhao , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a standard for connecting large language models (LLMs) with external tools. However, this MCP ecosystem introduces new security risks across hosts, servers, and registries. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xiaofan Li , Xing Gao

Large language models (LLMs) are evolving into agentic systems that reason, plan, and operate external tools. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a key enabler of this transition, offering a standardized interface for connecting LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Xuanjun Zong , Zhiqi Shen , Lei Wang , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang

Understanding and extracting structured insights from unstructured documents remains a foundational challenge in industrial NLP. While Large Language Models (LLMs) enable zero-shot extraction, traditional pipelines often fail to handle…

To address intricate real-world tasks, there has been a rising interest in tool utilization in applications of large language models (LLMs). To develop LLM-based agents, it usually requires LLMs to understand many tool functions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Siyu Yuan , Kaitao Song , Jiangjie Chen , Xu Tan , Yongliang Shen , Ren Kan , Dongsheng Li , Deqing Yang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has rapidly emerged as a universal standard for connecting AI assistants to external tools and data sources. While MCP simplifies integration between AI applications and various services, it introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Charoes Huang , Xin Huang , Ngoc Phu Tran , Amin Milani Fard

Agentic discovery has shown that LLM-driven search can find novel algorithms, designs, and code under benchmark conditions. Translating the paradigm to multi-system data backends surfaces a harder problem: the search space is heterogeneous,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Shanshan Ye , Duo Lu

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks by conditioning on demonstrations of question-answer pairs and it has been shown to have comparable performance to costly model retraining and fine-tuning.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Alycia N. Carey , Karuna Bhaila , Kennedy Edemacu , Xintao Wu