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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently gained traction in natural language processing. Numerous studies and real-world applications are leveraging its ability to enhance generative models through external information retrieval.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hao Yu , Aoran Gan , Kai Zhang , Shiwei Tong , Qi Liu , Zhaofeng Liu

This paper presents a comprehensive study of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), tracing its evolution from foundational concepts to the current state of the art. RAG combines retrieval mechanisms with generative language models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shailja Gupta , Rajesh Ranjan , Surya Narayan Singh

Natural Language Processing and Generation systems have recently shown the potential to complement and streamline the costly and time-consuming job of professional fact-checkers. In this work, we lift several constraints of current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Daniel Russo , Stefano Menini , Jacopo Staiano , Marco Guerini

Despite the success of integrating large language models into the development of conversational systems, many studies have shown the effectiveness of retrieving and augmenting external knowledge for informative responses. Hence, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xi Wang , Procheta Sen , Ruizhe Li , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach for building LLM-based question-answering systems that can take advantage of external knowledge databases. Due to the complexity of real-world RAG systems, there are many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Kin Kwan Leung , Mouloud Belbahri , Yi Sui , Alex Labach , Xueying Zhang , Stephen Anthony Rose , Jesse C. Cresswell

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved evidence, but LLM accuracy declines when long or noisy contexts exceed the model's effective attention span. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Debashish Chakraborty , Eugene Yang , Daniel Khashabi , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a powerful and widely used approach for improving large language models by grounding generation in retrieved evidence. However, RAG systems still produce incorrect answers in many cases. Why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Zhibo Zhang , Nuohan Lin , Shenglai Zeng , Jie Ren , Haoyu Han , Jiliang Tang

Knowing that the generative capabilities of large language models (LLM) are sometimes hampered by tendencies to hallucinate or create non-factual responses, researchers have increasingly focused on methods to ground generated outputs in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sonal Prabhune , Donald J. Berndt

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have proven to be effective in integrating up-to-date information, mitigating hallucinations, and enhancing response quality, particularly in specialized domains. While many RAG approaches…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a pivotal method for expanding the knowledge of large language models. To handle complex queries more effectively, researchers developed Adaptive-RAG (A-RAG) to enhance the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shuaihong Jiang , Zhaokun Wang , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

When applied to open-domain question answering, large language models (LLMs) frequently generate incorrect responses based on made-up facts, which are called $\textit{hallucinations}$. Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shuo Li , Sangdon Park , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, practitioners face significant challenges when making RAG deployment decisions. While existing research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shengming Zhao , Yuchen Shao , Yuheng Huang , Jiayang Song , Zhijie Wang , Chengcheng Wan , Lei Ma

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a major advancement in natural language processing (NLP), combining large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to enhance factual grounding, accuracy, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Agada Joseph Oche , Ademola Glory Folashade , Tirthankar Ghosal , Arpan Biswas

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard pipelines often lack mechanisms to verify inter- mediate reasoning, leaving them vulnerable to hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Eeham Khan , Luis Rodriguez , Marc Queudot

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly deployed in enterprise search and document-centric assistants, where responses must be grounded in long and complex source materials. In practice, verifying that generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of large language models by incorporating external knowledge, but the retrieval process can introduce bias that propagates to generated outputs. This issue is particularly…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yingqi Zhao , Vasilis Efthymiou , Jyrki Nummenmaa , Kostas Stefanidis

We study question answering in the domain of radio regulations, a legally sensitive and high-stakes area. We propose a telecom-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline and introduce, to our knowledge, the first multiple-choice…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zakaria El Kassimi , Fares Fourati , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to generate more reliable and accurate responses, by augmenting large language models (LLMs) with the external vast and dynamic knowledge. Most previous work focuses on using RAG for single-round…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Linhao Ye , Zhikai Lei , Jianghao Yin , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He