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In this paper we propose a new way of proving the value of a firm that is currently producing a certain product and faces the option to exit the market. The problem of optimal exiting is an optimal stopping problem, that can be solved using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-09-23 Manuel Guerra , Cláudia Nunes , Carlos Oliveira

We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-21 Jafar M. Olimov , Yi-Chan Tsai , Hao-Yu Yang

Heterogeneity of economic agents is emphasized in a new trend of macroeconomics. Accordingly the new emerging discipline requires one to replace the production function, one of key ideas in the conventional economics, by an alternative…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-11-23 H. Iyetomi , H. Aoyama , Y. Fujiwara , Y. Ikeda , W. Souma

We introduce an agent-based model, in which agents set their prices to maximize profit. At steady state the market self-organizes into three groups: excess producers, consumers and balanced agents, with prices determined by their own…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-03 Bin Li , K. Y. Michael Wong , Amos H. M. Chan , Tsz Yan So , Hermanni Heimonen , Junyi Wei , David Saad

Labor share, the fraction of economic output accrued as wages, is inexplicably declining in industrialized countries. Whilst numerous prior works attempt to explain the decline via economic factors, our novel approach links the decline to…

General Economics · Economics 2024-01-05 B. N. Kausik

The purpose of this paper is to provide a micro-economic foundation for an argument that the direct employment by the government is more desirable than the government purchase of private goods to eliminate unemployment. A general…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-01 Kensuke Ohtake

Combinatorial Auctions are a central problem in Algorithmic Mechanism Design: pricing and allocating goods to buyers with complex preferences in order to maximize some desired objective (e.g., social welfare, revenue, or profit). The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Avrim Blum , Anupam Gupta , Yishay Mansour , Ankit Sharma

Automation is not a new phenomenon, and questions about its effects have long followed its advances. More than a half-century ago, US President Lyndon B. Johnson established a national commission to examine the impact of technology on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Miguel Arduengo , Luis Sentis

I characterize optimal government policy in a sticky-price economy with different types of consumers and endogenous financial constraints in the banking and entrepreneurial sectors. The competitive equilibrium allocation is constrained…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-29 Aliaksandr Zaretski

The aim of this work is to establish the personal income distribution from the elementary constituents of a free market; products of a representative good and agents forming the economic network. The economy is treated as a self-organized…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-04 Joachim Kaldasch

We develop a general equilibrium model in which, at each instant, a short-run competitive equilibrium arises. Heterogeneity in factor allocation generates differential profit rates across sectors, prompting firms to move between them under…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-21 Giorgio Fabbri , Davide Fiaschi , Cristiano Ricci

This article expands Milton Friedman's spending matrix to analyse 'spending efficiency' and 'preference compatibility' across different economic systems against five key outcome criteria. By generalising Friedman's typology, it compares…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-24 Ali Zeytoon-Nejad

In the context of a large class of stochastic processes used to describe the dynamics of wealth growth, we prove a set of inequalities establishing necessary and sufficient conditions in order to avoid infinite wealth concentration. These…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-03-02 Valerio Astuti

We formulate a continuous-time competitive equilibrium model of irreversible capacity investment in which a continuum of heterogeneous producers supplies a single non-durable good subject to exogenous stochastic demand. Each producer…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Constantinos Kardaras , Alexandros Pavlis , Mihail Zervos

We study decentralized markets for goods whose utility perishes in time, with compute as a primary motivation. Recent advances in reproducible and verifiable execution allow jobs to pause, verify, and resume across heterogeneous hardware,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-21 Chengqi Zang , Gabriel P. Andrade , Oğuzhan Ersoy

The emergence of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) labor, including AI agents and autonomous systems operating at near-zero marginal cost, reduces the marginal productivity of human labor, ultimately pushing wages toward zero. As AGI…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-12 Pascal Stiefenhofer

The integration of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) into economic production represents a transformative shift with profound implications for labor markets, income distribution, and technological growth. This study extends the Constant…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-12 Pascal Stiefenhofer

It has been assumed that arbitrage profits are not possible in efficient markets, because future prices are not predictable. Here we show that predictability alone is not a sufficient measure of market efficiency. We instead propose to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Rothenstein , K. Pawelzik

In this paper, we study multi-agent systems with decentralized resource allocations. Agents have local demand and resource supply, and are interconnected through a network designed to support sharing of the local resource; and the network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-25 Yijun Chen , Razibul Islam , Elizabeth Ratnam , Ian R. Petersen , Guodong Shi

Economic unions are international agreements oriented to increase economic efficiency and establishing political and cultural ties between the member countries. Becoming a member of an existing union usually requires the approval of both…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-08 Carlos Gracia-Lázaro , Fabio Dercole , Yamir Moreno