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Related papers: Continual Knowledge Updating in LLM Systems: Learn…

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Memory plays a central role in enabling large language models (LLMs) to operate over sequential tasks by accumulating and reusing experience over time. However, existing evaluations of LLM memory mostly rely on aggregate metrics such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Songwei Dong , Zihan Chen , Chengshuai Shi , Peng Wang , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

In continual learning (CL), an agent learns from a stream of tasks leveraging prior experience to transfer knowledge to future tasks. It is an ideal framework to decrease the amount of supervision in the existing learning algorithms. But…

This article presents an artificial intelligence (AI) architecture intended to simulate the iterative updating of the human working memory system. It features several interconnected neural networks designed to emulate the specialized…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Jared Edward Reser

In this paper, we present Gamma-LSTM, an enhanced long short term memory (LSTM) unit, to enable learning of hierarchical representations through multiple stages of temporal abstractions. Gamma memory, a hierarchical memory unit, forms the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Sneha Aenugu

Synaptic plasticity is metabolically expensive, yet animals continuously update their internal models without exhausting energy reserves. However, when artificial neural networks are trained, the network parameters are typically updated on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Aaron Pache , Mark CW van Rossum

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous task-solving across complex, open-ended environments. A promising approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of LLM agents is to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Siyu Xia , Zekun Xu , Jiajun Chai , Wentian Fan , Yan Song , Xiaohan Wang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Most evaluations of External Memory Module assume a static setting: memory is built offline and queried at a fixed state. In practice, memory is streaming: new facts arrive continuously, insertions interleave with retrievals, and the memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ruicheng Zhang , Xinyi Li , Tianyi Xu , Shuhao Zhang , Xiaofei Liao , Hai Jin

Advancements in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have created a promising foundation for developing autonomous agents. With the right tools, these agents could learn to solve tasks in new environments by accumulating and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Petr Anokhin , Nikita Semenov , Artyom Sorokin , Dmitry Evseev , Andrey Kravchenko , Mikhail Burtsev , Evgeny Burnaev

This paper describes a reference architecture for self-maintaining systems that can learn continually, as data arrives. In environments where data evolves, we need architectures that manage Machine Learning (ML) models in production, adapt…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-19 Tom Diethe , Tom Borchert , Eno Thereska , Borja Balle , Neil Lawrence

Large language models (LLMs) show an innate skill for solving language based tasks. But insights have suggested an inability to adjust for information or task-solving skills becoming outdated, as their knowledge, stored directly within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Sarath Chandar

Memory is essential for enabling large language models to support long-horizon reasoning, yet existing memory systems remain unreliable and difficult to debug. Tracing memory's dynamic evolution is crucial to understand how information is…

Large language models (LLMs) often require vast amounts of text to effectively acquire new knowledge. While continuing pre-training on large corpora or employing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven successful, updating an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hugo Abonizio , Thales Almeida , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Continual learning (CL) in large language models (LLMs) is an evolving domain that focuses on developing efficient and sustainable training strategies to adapt models to emerging knowledge and achieve robustness in dynamic environments. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Çağatay Yıldız , Nishaanth Kanna Ravichandran , Nitin Sharma , Matthias Bethge , Beyza Ermis

Organisms constantly pivot between tasks such as evading predators, foraging, traversing rugged terrain, and socializing, often within milliseconds. Remarkably, they preserve knowledge of once-learned environments sans catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Susmit Agrawal , Krishn Vishwas Kher , Saksham Mittal , Swarnim Maheshwari , Vineeth N. Balasubramanian

Continual learning (CL) in the brain is facilitated by a complex set of mechanisms. This includes the interplay of multiple memory systems for consolidating information as posited by the complementary learning systems (CLS) theory and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate in settings where a single context window is far too small to capture what has happened, what was learned, and what should not be repeated. Memory -- the ability to persist, organize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengfei Du

Existing memory-augmented LLM agents often treat memory as a static repository with pre-defined representations and fixed retrieval pipelines, which is brittle in dynamic agentic environments where feedback, task variation, and…

Modeling brain dynamics to better understand and control complex behaviors underlying various cognitive brain functions are of interests to engineers, mathematicians, and physicists from the last several decades. With a motivation of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-21 Benjamin Plaster , Gautam Kumar

We present an approach for agents to learn representations of a global map from sensor data, to aid their exploration in new environments. To achieve this, we embed procedures mimicking that of traditional Simultaneous Localization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Jingwei Zhang , Lei Tai , Ming Liu , Joschka Boedecker , Wolfram Burgard

We first review traditional approaches to memory storage and formation, drawing on the literature of quantitative neuroscience as well as statistical physics. These have generally focused on the fast dynamics of neurons; however, there is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-24 Anita Mehta
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