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Subspace methods are commonly used for finding approximate eigenvalues and singular values of large-scale matrices. Once a subspace is found, the Rayleigh-Ritz method (for symmetric eigenvalue problems) and Petrov-Galerkin projection (for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Irina-Beatrice Haas , Yuji Nakatsukasa

A new algorithm, denoted by RSRR, is presented for solving large-scale nonlinear eigenvalue problems (NEPs) with a focus on improving the robustness and reliability of the solution, which is a challenging task in computational science and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-27 Jinyou Xiao , Shuangshuang Meng , Chuanzeng Zhang , Changjun Zheng

The Rayleigh-Ritz (RR) method finds the stationary values, called Ritz values, of the Rayleigh quotient on a given trial subspace as approximations to eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator $A$. If the trial subspace is $A$-invariant, the Ritz…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-01-08 Andrew V. Knyazev , Merico E. Argentati

Extracting approximate eigenpairs from a prescribed subspace is of fundamental importance in eigenvalue computation. While projecting the target eigenvector onto the subspace yields satisfactory accuracy, extracting an approximate eigenpair…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Nian Shao

We establish a general convergence theory of the Rayleigh--Ritz method and the refined Rayleigh--Ritz method for computing some simple eigenpair $(\lambda_{*},x_{*})$ of a given analytic regular nonlinear eigenvalue problem (NEP). In terms…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Zhongxiao Jia , Qingqing Zheng

Under the hypothesis that the deviations of the desired eigenvectors of the matrix $A$ from the underlying subspace tend to zero, the Ritz vectors may not converge and have poor or little accuracy. This phenomenon is not unusual and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Zhongxiao Jia , Tianhang Liu

The Rayleigh-Ritz method is widely used for eigenvalue approximation. Given a matrix $X$ with columns that form an orthonormal basis for a subspace $\X$, and a Hermitian matrix $A$, the eigenvalues of $X^HAX$ are called Ritz values of $A$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2008-05-16 M. E. Argentati , A. V. Knyazev , C. C. Paige , I. Panayotov

This paper develops a new class of algorithms for general linear systems and eigenvalue problems. These algorithms apply fast randomized sketching to accelerate subspace projection methods, such as GMRES and Rayleigh--Ritz. This approach…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Yuji Nakatsukasa , Joel A. Tropp

We develop an accelerated gradient descent algorithm on the Grassmann manifold to compute the subspace spanned by a number of leading eigenvectors of a symmetric positive semi-definite matrix. This has a constant cost per iteration and a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Foivos Alimisis , Simon Vary , Bart Vandereycken

Given (orthonormal) approximations $\tilde{U}$ and $\tilde{V}$ to the left and right subspaces spanned by the leading singular vectors of a matrix $A$, we discuss methods to approximate the leading singular values of $A$ and study their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Lorenzo Lazzarino , Hussam Al Daas , Yuji Nakatsukasa

We propose a verified computation method for eigenvalues in a region and the corresponding eigenvectors of generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problems. The proposed method uses complex moments to extract the eigencomponents of interest from a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-27 Akira Imakura , Keiichi Morikuni , Akitoshi Takayasu

The Nystr\"om method is a popular choice for finding a low-rank approximation to a symmetric positive semi-definite matrix. The method can fail when applied to symmetric indefinite matrices, for which the error can be unboundedly large. In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Taejun Park , Yuji Nakatsukasa

Covariance matrix estimates are an essential part of many signal processing algorithms, and are often used to determine a low-dimensional principal subspace via their spectral decomposition. However, exact eigenanalysis is computationally…

Applications · Statistics 2011-12-01 Nicholas Arcolano , Patrick J. Wolfe

Finding the eigenvalues connected to the covariance operator of a centred Hilbert-space valued Gaussian process is genuinely considered a hard problem in several mathematical disciplines. In statistics this problem arises for instance in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-16 Bruno Ebner , María Dolores Jiménez-Gamero , Bojana Milošević

This paper describes a set of rational filtering algorithms to compute a few eigenvalues (and associated eigenvectors) of non-Hermitian matrix pencils. Our interest lies in computing eigenvalues located inside a given disk, and the proposed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-10 Vassilis Kalantzis , Yuanzhe Xi , Lior Horesh

This paper presents a method for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors for some types of nonlinear eigenvalue problems. The main idea is to approximate the functions involved in the eigenvalue problem by rational functions and then apply a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Yousef Saad , Mohamed El-Guide , Agnieszka Międlar

We study algorithms for approximating pairwise similarity matrices that arise in natural language processing. Generally, computing a similarity matrix for $n$ data points requires $\Omega(n^2)$ similarity computations. This quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Archan Ray , Nicholas Monath , Andrew McCallum , Cameron Musco

Given a square complex matrix $A$, we tackle the problem of finding the nearest matrix with multiple eigenvalues or, equivalently when $A$ had distinct eigenvalues, the nearest defective matrix. To this goal, we extend the general framework…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Vanni Noferini , Lauri Nyman , Federico Poloni

Symmetric positive semi-definite (SPSD) matrix approximation methods have been extensively used to speed up large-scale eigenvalue computation and kernel learning methods. The standard sketch based method, which we call the prototype model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Shusen Wang , Zhihua Zhang , Tong Zhang

In this paper, we discuss numerical approximation of the eigenvalues of the one-dimensional radial Schr\"{o}dinger equation posed on a semi-infinite interval. The original problem is first transformed to one defined on a finite domain by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Lidia Aceto , Cecilia Magherini , Ewa B. Weinmüller
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