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Enterprise AI deploys dozens of autonomous agent nodes across workflows, each acting on the same entities with no shared memory and no common governance. We identify five structural challenges arising from this memory governance gap: memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Hamed Taheri

Lifelong interactive agents are expected to assist users over months or years, which requires continually writing long term memories while retrieving the right evidence for each new query under fixed context and latency budgets. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Can Lv , Heng Chang , Yuchen Guo , Shengyu Tao , Shiji Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made extraordinary progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence and have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a large variety of tasks and domains. However, as we venture closer to creating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Brandon Kynoch , Hugo Latapie , Dwane van der Sluis

End-to-end agent-memory benchmarks report a single hit@k per retriever, confounding lexical leakage (uncontrolled query/gold/distractor entity overlap) with tag-mixing (preferences, services, tools averaged together). We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Youwang Deng

Memory systems often organize user-agent interactions as retrievable external memory and are crucial for long-running agents by overcoming the limited context windows of LLMs. However, existing memory systems invoke LLMs to process every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zijie Dai , Shiyuan Deng , Sheng Guan , Yizhou Tian , Xin Yao , Xiao Yan , James Cheng

Long-term memory is essential for LLM agents that operate across multiple sessions, yet existing memory systems treat retrieval infrastructure as fixed: stored content evolves while scoring functions, fusion strategies, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jiaqi Liu , Xinyu Ye , Peng Xia , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many NLP tasks but struggle to sustain long-term interactions due to limited attention over extended dialogue histories. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this issue but lacks reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chunliang Chen , Ming Guan , Xiao Lin , Jiaxu Li , Luxi Lin , Qiyi Wang , Xiangyu Chen , Jixiang Luo , Changzhi Sun , Dell Zhang , Xuelong Li

Multimodal large language models are increasingly deployed as long-horizon agents, where memory must do more than recall: it must track an evolving world, revise what has gone stale, and surface the right evidence at decision time. Existing…

Memory-augmented LLM agents offer an appealing shortcut to continual learning: rather than updating model parameters, they accumulate experience in external memory, seemingly sidestepping the stability-plasticity dilemma of parametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qisheng Hu , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

Persistent AI memory is often reduced to a retrieval problem: store prior interactions as text, embed them, and ask the model to recover relevant context later. This design is useful for thematic recall, but it is mismatched to the kinds of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Alex Petrov , Alexander Gusak , Denis Mukha , Dima Korolev

Retrieving relevant past interactions from long-term conversational memory typically relies on large dense retrieval models (110M-1.5B parameters) or LLM-augmented indexing. We introduce SelRoute, a framework that routes each query to a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Matthew McKee

Research on large language model (LLM) security is shifting from "will the model leak training data" to a more consequential question: can an agent with persistent, long-term memory be continuously shaped, cross-session poisoned, accessed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zehao Lin , Chunyu Li , Kai Chen

Long-term memory is essential for persistent LLM agents, yet prevailing architectures store historical interactions as unstructured, flat text. This unconstrained storage induces provenance-role collapse, a critical failure mode where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhengda Jin , Bingbing Wang , Jing Li , Ruifeng Xu , Min Zhang

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is the primary recurrent neural networks architecture for acoustic modeling in automatic speech recognition systems. Residual learning is an efficient method to help neural networks converge easier and faster.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Lu Huang , Jiasong Sun , Ji Xu , Yi Yang

Long-horizon agents often compress interaction histories into write-time summaries. This creates a fundamental write-before-query barrier: compression decisions are made before the system knows what a future query will hinge on. As a…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Qiming Zhu , Shunian Chen , Rui Yu , Zhehao Wu , Benyou Wang

Large language models deployed as autonomous agents face critical memory limitations, lacking selective forgetting mechanisms that lead to either catastrophic forgetting at context boundaries or information overload within them. While human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lei Wei , Xiao Peng , Xu Dong , Niantao Xie , Bin Wang

Long-term memory is essential for conversational agents to maintain coherence, track persistent tasks, and provide personalized interactions across extended dialogues. However, existing approaches as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Juwei Yue , Chuanrui Hu , Jiawei Sheng , Zuyi Zhou , Wenyuan Zhang , Tingwen Liu , Li Guo , Yafeng Deng

Long-term conversational agents must decide which turns to store in external memory, yet recent systems rely on autoregressive LLM generation at every turn to make that decision. We present MemRouter, a write-side memory router that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Tianyu Hu , Weikai Lin , Weizhi Zhang , Jing Ma , Song Wang

We present a memory system for AI agents that treats stored information as continuous fields governed by partial differential equations rather than discrete entries in a database. The approach draws from classical field theory: memories…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Subhadip Mitra

Existing agent memory systems universally follow what we term a Memory-as-Tool paradigm where a single query triggers one-shot retrieval of flat passage lists, suffering from passive invocation, reasoning-retrieval decoupling, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihan Li , Xingyu Fan , Feifei Li , Wenhui Que