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In meta-learning, the knowledge learned from previous tasks is transferred to new ones, but this transfer only works if tasks are related. Sharing information between unrelated tasks might hurt performance, and it is unclear how to transfer…

Memory-augmented LLM agents enable interactions that extend beyond finite context windows by storing, updating, and reusing information across sessions. However, training such agents with reinforcement learning in multi-session environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sikuan Yan , Ahmed Bahloul , Ercong Nie , Susanna Schwarzmann , Riccardo Trivisonno , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

Traditional enterprises face significant challenges in processing business documents, where tasks like extracting transport references from invoices remain largely manual despite their crucial role in logistics operations. While Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jiale Liu , Yifan Zeng , Malte Højmark-Bertelsen , Marie Normann Gadeberg , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) transform how machine learning (ML) pipelines are developed and evaluated. LLMs enable a new type of workload, agentic pipeline search, in which autonomous or semi-autonomous agents generate,…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Arnab Phani , Elias Strauss , Sebastian Schelter

Large language models increasingly rely on either reinforcement learning or multi-agent prompting to improve reasoning, yet these two paradigms remain difficult to combine. Directly applying single-agent reinforcement learning to multi-turn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chusen Li , Zhou Liu , Shuigeng Zhou , Wentao Zhang

LLM agents have emerged as powerful systems for tackling multi-turn tasks by interleaving internal reasoning and external tool interactions. Agentic Reinforcement Learning has recently drawn significant research attention as a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zefang Zong , Dingwei Chen , Yang Li , Qi Yi , Bo Zhou , Chengming Li , Bo Qian , Peng Chen , Jie Jiang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have substantially accelerated the development of embodied agents. LLM-based multi-agent systems mitigate the inefficiency of single agents in complex tasks. However, they still suffer from…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-02 XiaoJie Zhang , JianHan Wu , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

In this work we study a well-known and challenging problem of Multi-agent Pathfinding, when a set of agents is confined to a graph, each agent is assigned a unique start and goal vertices and the task is to find a set of collision-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yelisey Pitanov , Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

The outstanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) render them a crucial component in various autonomous agent systems. While traditional methods depend on the inherent knowledge of LLMs without fine-tuning, more recent approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhirui Deng , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen , Ruibin Xiong , Mang Wang , Weipeng Chen

We introduce a novel large language model (LLM)-driven agent framework, which iteratively refines queries and filters contextual evidence by leveraging dynamically evolving knowledge. A defining feature of the system is its decoupling of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Seyoung Song

Large language model (LLM) agent systems are increasingly expected to improve after deployment, but existing work often decouples two adaptation targets: skill evolution and multi-agent system (MAS) restructuring. This separation can create…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shuai Pan , Yixiang Liu , Jiaye Gao , Te Gao , Weiwen Liu , Jianghao Lin , Zhihui Fu , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) falter in multi-step interactions -- often hallucinating, repeating actions, or misinterpreting user corrections -- due to reliance on linear, unstructured context. This fragility stems from the lack of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ye Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce answers with a single chain-of-thought, which restricts their ability to explore reasoning paths or self-correct flawed outputs in complex tasks. In this paper, we introduce MALT (Multi-Agent LLM…

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter significant performance bottlenecks in long-sequence tasks due to the computational complexity and memory overhead inherent in the self-attention mechanism. To address these challenges, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ziming Wang , Xiang Wang , Kailong Peng , Lang Qin , Juan Gabriel Kostelec , Christos Sourmpis , Axel Laborieux , Qinghai Guo

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential as agents for tool invocation due to their advanced comprehension and planning capabilities. Users increasingly rely on LLM-based agents to solve complex missions through iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Peijie Yu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Haorui Wang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate in settings where a single context window is far too small to capture what has happened, what was learned, and what should not be repeated. Memory -- the ability to persist, organize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengfei Du

Prompting language models (LMs) is the main interface for applying them to new tasks. However, for smaller LMs, prompting provides low accuracy compared to gradient-based finetuning. Tree Prompting is an approach to prompting which builds a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 John X. Morris , Chandan Singh , Alexander M. Rush , Jianfeng Gao , Yuntian Deng

Large language model agents have demonstrated remarkable advancements across various complex tasks. Recent works focus on optimizing the agent team or employing self-reflection to iteratively solve complex tasks. Since these agents are all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Shen Gao , Hao Li , Chengrui Huang , Quan Tu , Zhiliang Tian , Minlie Huang , Shuo Shang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as intelligent agents that reason, plan, and interact with their environments. To effectively scale to long-horizon scenarios, a key capability for such agents is a memory mechanism…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuyang Hu , Jiongnan Liu , Jiejun Tan , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou