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Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has become pivotal for advancing Universal Multimodal Embeddings (UME) in addressing diverse cross-modal tasks. Recent studies demonstrate that incorporating generative Chain-of-Thought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haonan Jiang , Yuji Wang , Yongjie Zhu , Xin Lu , Wenyu Qin , Meng Wang , Pengfei Wan , Yansong Tang

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), learning from fixed datasets presents a promising solution for domains where real-time interaction with the environment is expensive or risky. However, designing dense reward signals for offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Younghwan Lee , Tung M. Luu , Donghoon Lee , Chang D. Yoo

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable abilities by integrating large language models with visual inputs. However, they often fail to utilize visual evidence adequately, either depending on linguistic priors in vision-centric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaojun Guo , Runyu Zhou , Yifei Wang , Qi Zhang , Chenheng Zhang , Stefanie Jegelka , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Yisen Wang

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a pivotal paradigm for text-to-image generation, its application to image editing remains largely unexplored. A key bottleneck is the lack of a robust general reward model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hanzhong Guo , Jie Wu , Jie Liu , Yu Gao , Zilyu Ye , Linxiao Yuan , Xionghui Wang , Yizhou Yu , Weilin Huang

Vision--language models (VLMs) are increasingly aligned via Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)-style training. However, relying solely on terminal outcome rewards yields sparse credit assignment in multi-step reasoning, weakening the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Feiding , Yongkang Zhang , Yuhao Liao , Zijian Zeng , Chunzheng Zhu , Yaozong Zheng , Yafei Liu , Yeling Peng , Youwei Wang , Sibo Wang , Huiming Yang , Linglin Liao , Shunzhi Yang

Video reasoning has advanced with large multimodal models (LMMs), yet their inference is often a single pass that returns an answer without verifying whether the reasoning is evidence-aligned. We introduce Reinforce to Learn, Elect to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Songyuan Yang , Weijiang Yu , Jilin Ma , Ziyu Liu , Guijian Tang , Wenjing Yang , Huibin Tan , Nong Xiao

Multimodal large language models via reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex visual reasoning tasks, yet they remain limited in long-horizon multimodal scenarios, often suffering from visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chenghao Li , Fusheng Hao , Xikai Zhang , Likang Xiao , Yanwei Ren , Fuxiang Wu , Quan Chen , Liu Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL), earlier proven to be effective in large language and multi-modal models, has been successfully extended to enhance 2D image generation recently. However, applying RL to 3D generation remains largely unexplored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yiwen Tang , Zoey Guo , Kaixin Zhu , Ray Zhang , Qizhi Chen , Dongzhi Jiang , Junli Liu , Bohan Zeng , Haoming Song , Delin Qu , Tianyi Bai , Dan Xu , Wentao Zhang , Bin Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results in sequential decision-making tasks. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged, exhibiting impressive capabilities in multimodal…

In existing Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement (AVSE) methods, objectives such as Scale-Invariant Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SI-SNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) are widely used; however, they often correlate poorly with perceptual quality and…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chih-Ning Chen , Jen-Cheng Hou , Hsin-Min Wang , Shao-Yi Chien , Yu Tsao , Fan-Gang Zeng

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced video understanding, yet most still "think about videos" ie once a video is encoded, reasoning unfolds entirely in text, treating visual input as a static context. This passive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hanoona Rasheed , Mohammed Zumri , Muhammad Maaz , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models. However, adapting RLVR to multimodal domains suffers from a critical \textit{perception-reasoning decoupling}.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shujian Gao , Yuan Wang , Jiangtao Yan , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

In this work, we present the first application of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) to an Omni-multimodal large language model in the context of emotion recognition, a task where both visual and audio modalities play…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiaxing Zhao , Xihan Wei , Liefeng Bo

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies beyond behavior cloning, but real-world RL remains expensive due to extensive rollouts, resets, supervision, and safety risks. Action-conditioned video world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaokang Liu , Zechen Bai , Hai Ci , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Mike Zheng Shou

The recent DeepSeek-R1 has showcased the emergence of reasoning capabilities in LLMs through reinforcement learning (RL) with rule-based rewards. Despite its success in language models, its application in multi-modal domains, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengxi Lu , Yuxiang Chai , Yaxuan Guo , Xi Yin , Liang Liu , Hao Wang , Han Xiao , Shuai Ren , Guanjing Xiong , Hongsheng Li

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has enabled large language models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable breakthroughs in reasoning tasks with objective ground-truth answers, such as mathematics and code generation. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Ruipeng Jia , Yunyi Yang , Yongbo Gai , Kai Luo , Shihao Huang , Jianhe Lin , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Intrinsic motivation and reward shaping guide reinforcement learning (RL) agents by adding pseudo-rewards, which can lead to useful emergent behaviors. However, they can also encourage counterproductive exploits, e.g., fixation with noisy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Aly Lidayan , Michael Dennis , Stuart Russell

Recent advances in text-only "slow-thinking" reasoning have prompted efforts to transfer this capability to vision-language models (VLMs), for training visual reasoning models (\textbf{VRMs}). owever, such transfer faces critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Pu Jian , Junhong Wu , Wei Sun , Chen Wang , Shuo Ren , Jiajun Zhang

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn online from external rewards directly within the context window. However, a central challenge in ICRL is reward estimation, as models typically lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wenxuan Jiang , Yuxin Zuo , Zijian Zhang , Xuecheng Wu , Zining Fan , Wenxuan Liu , Li Chen , Xiaoyu Li , Xuezhi Cao , Xiaolong Jin , Ninghao Liu

Vision-language reinforcement learning (RL) has primarily focused on narrow domains (e.g. geometry or chart reasoning). This leaves broader training scenarios and resources underexplored, limiting the exploration and learning of Vision…