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The rise in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet services has led to increasing demand, often exceeding available data rates and compromising the quality of service. While deploying more satellites offers a short-term fix, designing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Olivier Bélanger , Jean-Luc Lupien , Olfa Ben Yahia , Stéphane Martel , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

This Study proposes a routing strategy of combining a packet scheduling with congestion control policy that applied for LEO satellite network with high speed and multiple traffic. It not only ensures the QoS of different traffic, but also…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Saeid Aghaei Nezhad Firouzja , Muhammad Yousefnezhad , Masoud Samadi , Mohd Fauzi Othman

Cooperative positioning with multiple low earth orbit (LEO) satellites is promising in providing location-based services and enhancing satellite-terrestrial communication. However, positioning accuracy is greatly affected by inter-beam…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hongtao Xv , Yaohua Sun , Yafei Zhao , Mugen Peng , Shijie Zhang

This paper presents a decentralized, online planning approach for scalable maneuver planning for large constellations. While decentralized, rule-based strategies have facilitated efficient scaling, optimal decision-making algorithms for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 William Kuhl , Jun Wang , Duncan Eddy , Mykel Kochenderfer

Computing tasks are ubiquitous in space missions. Conventionally, these tasks are offloaded to ground servers for computation, where the transmission of raw data on satellite-to-ground links severely constrains the performance. To overcome…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-18 Jiaqi Cao , Shengli Zhang , Qingxia Chen , Houtian Wang , Mingzhe Wang , Naijin Liu

This paper presents a study of an integrated satellite-terrestrial network, where Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to provide the backhaul link between base stations (BSs) and the core network. The mobility of LEO satellites raises…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks provide global coverage and low latency, yet high node mobility, uneven traffic distribution, and stochastic link failures pose severe challenges for inter-domain routing. Existing approaches either…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chen Zhou , Jiangtao Luo , Yongyi Ran

Caching is crucial in hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks to reduce latency, optimize throughput, and improve data availability by storing frequently accessed content closer to users, especially in bandwidth-limited satellite systems,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Zhou Zhang , Yizhu Wang , Saman Atapattu , Sumei Sun

Dense constellations of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small satellites are envisioned to make extensive use of the inter-satellite link (ISL). Within the same orbital plane, the inter-satellite distances are preserved and the links are rather…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Petar Popovski

This article investigates the transmission delay of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system in a bent pipe structure. By employing a stochastic geometry framework, satellites are modeled as spherical binomial point processes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Sixi Cheng , Xiang Ling

The rise of ultra-dense LEO constellations creates a complex and asynchronous network environment, driven by their massive scale, dynamic topologies, and significant delays. This unique complexity demands an adaptive packet routing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ke He , Thang X. Vu , Le He , Lisheng Fan , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten

Action and observation delays exist prevalently in the real-world cyber-physical systems which may pose challenges in reinforcement learning design. It is particularly an arduous task when handling multi-agent systems where the delay of one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Baiming Chen , Mengdi Xu , Zuxin Liu , Liang Li , Ding Zhao

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems that use millimeter-wave frequencies rely on large antenna arrays with hybrid analog-digital architectures for rapid beam steering. LEO satellites are only visible from the ground for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Anders Malthe Westerkam , Amélia Struyf , Dimitri Lederer , Troels Pedersen , François Quitin

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as a key infrastructure for global connectivity and space-based sensing. Many tasks in such systems can be formulated as measurement-set-to-spatial-inference problems, where spatial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liping Tao , Xindi Tong , Chee Wei Tan

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Wireless networks are undergoing a paradigm shift toward massive connectivity with energy-efficient operation, driving the integration of satellite-terrestrial architectures with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT).…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Guangyuan Liu , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Sumei Sun , Abbas Jamalipour , Ping Zhang

A mega-constellation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites has the potential to enable long-range communication with low latency. Integrating this with burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted non-terrestrial networks will be a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Ju-Hyung Lee , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Young-Chai Ko

Compared with the terrestrial networks (TN), which can only support limited coverage areas, low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites can provide seamless global coverage and high survivability in case of emergencies. Nevertheless, the swift…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Jinxuan Chen , Mustafa Ozger , Cicek Cavdar

Devices within the marine Internet of Things (MIoT) can connect to low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to facilitate low-latency data transmission and execution, as well as enhanced-capacity data storage.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Shuang Qi , Bin Lin , Yiqin Deng , Hongyang Pan , Xu Hu

The growing density of satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO) presents serious challenges to space sustainability, primarily due to the increased risk of in-orbit collisions. Traditional ground-based tracking systems are constrained by latency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Peng Hu , Wenxuan Zhang