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Auscultation is a vital diagnostic tool, yet its utility is often limited by subjective interpretation. While general-purpose Audio-Language Models (ALMs) excel in general domains, they struggle with the nuances of physiological signals. We…

Speech LLMs are widely understood to be better than ASR$\rightarrow$LLM cascades since they have access to the audio directly, and not just the transcript. In this paper, we present an evaluation methodology and a mechanistic interpretation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jayadev Billa

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated promising abilities in understanding musical content. However, whether their responses are grounded in the correct temporal regions of the audio remains underexplored. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daeyong Kwon , Qiyu Wu , Shinobu Kuriya , Junghyun Koo , Shuyang Cui , Zhi Zhong , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit probabilistic output characteristics, yet conventional evaluation frameworks rely on deterministic scalar metrics. This study introduces a Bayesian approach for LLM capability assessment that integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xiao Xiao , Yu Su , Sijing Zhang , Zhang Chen , Yadong Chen , Tian Liu

We introduce {\bf Swan}, a family of embedding models centred around the Arabic language, addressing both small-scale and large-scale use cases. Swan includes two variants: Swan-Small, based on ARBERTv2, and Swan-Large, built on ArMistral,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Gagan Bhatia , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Abdellah El Mekki , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

While Speech Large Language Models (Speech-LLMs) show strong performance in many applications, their robustness is critically under-tested, especially to speech disfluency. Existing evaluations often rely on idealized inputs, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Hongcheng Liu , Yixuan Hou , Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) increasingly support dynamic image resolutions. However, current evaluation paradigms primarily assess semantic performance, overlooking the critical question of resolution robustness - whether…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Chenxu Li , Zhicai Wang , Yuan Sheng , Xingyu Zhu , Yanbin Hao , Xiang Wang

We present LLMStructBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on extracting structured data and generating valid JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) outputs from natural-language text. Our open dataset comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Deep neural networks have recently achieved breakthroughs in sound generation. Despite the outstanding sample quality, current sound generation models face issues on small-scale datasets (e.g., overfitting), significantly limiting…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yi Yuan , Haohe Liu , Jinhua Liang , Xubo Liu , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) such as GPT-4V and LLaVA have shown remarkable capabilities in visual reasoning with common image styles. However, their robustness against diverse style shifts, crucial for practical applications, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Rizhao Cai , Zirui Song , Dayan Guan , Zhenhao Chen , Xing Luo , Chenyu Yi , Alex Kot

Evaluation of musical source separation (MSS) has traditionally relied on Blind Source Separation Evaluation (BSS-Eval) metrics. However, recent work suggests that BSS-Eval metrics exhibit low correlation between metrics and perceptual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Paul A. Bereuter , Alois Sontacchi

With hundreds of thousands of language models available on Huggingface today, efficiently evaluating and utilizing these models across various downstream, tasks has become increasingly critical. Many existing methods repeatedly learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Richard Zhuang , Tianhao Wu , Zhaojin Wen , Andrew Li , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramchandran

End-to-end (E2E) spoken language understanding (SLU) systems can infer the semantics of a spoken utterance directly from an audio signal. However, training an E2E system remains a challenge, largely due to the scarcity of paired…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-16 Bhuvan Agrawal , Markus Müller , Martin Radfar , Samridhi Choudhary , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Siegfried Kunzmann

Despite the exceptional reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their adaptation into universal embedding models is significantly impeded by task conflict. To address this, we propose TSEmbed, a universal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yebo Wu , Feng Liu , Ziwei Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Changwang Zhang , Jun Wang , Li Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to code-related tasks, a central question emerges: Do LLMs truly understand program semantics? We introduce EquiBench, a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs through equivalence checking, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Jiannan Cao , Ran Li , Hongyu Chen , Yuhui Zhang , Ziheng Wang , Yuan Liu , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Diyi Yang , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Large decoder-only language models (LLMs) are the state-of-the-art models on most of today's NLP tasks and benchmarks. Yet, the community is only slowly adopting these models for text embedding tasks, which require rich contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Parishad BehnamGhader , Vaibhav Adlakha , Marius Mosbach , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Nicolas Chapados , Siva Reddy

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance in audio understanding and generation. Yet, our extensive benchmarking reveals that their behavior is largely generic (e.g., summarizing spoken content) and fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuwen Wang , Xinyuan Qian , Tian-Hao Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuchen Pan , Xin Wang , Zhou Pan , Chen Wei , Yiming Wang

Embodied multimodal large models (EMLMs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to bridge the gap between perception, cognition, and action in complex, real-world environments. This comprehensive review…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shoubin Chen , Zehao Wu , Kai Zhang , Chunyu Li , Baiyang Zhang , Fei Ma , Fei Richard Yu , Qingquan Li

This study introduces SLLMBO, an innovative framework leveraging large language models (LLMs) for hyperparameter optimization (HPO), incorporating dynamic search space adaptability, enhanced parameter space exploitation, and a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Kanan Mahammadli , Seyda Ertekin