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In a plethora of recent work, large language models (LLMs) demonstrated impressive reasoning ability, but many proposed downstream reasoning tasks only focus on final answers. Two fundamental questions persist: 1) how consistent is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ziyi Liu , Soumya Sanyal , Isabelle Lee , Yongkang Du , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Jieyu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Offering a promising solution to the scalability challenges associated with human evaluation, the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm is rapidly gaining traction as an approach to evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, there are still many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Aman Singh Thakur , Kartik Choudhary , Venkat Srinik Ramayapally , Sankaran Vaidyanathan , Dieuwke Hupkes

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have improved substantially through increased test-time computation, typically in the form of intermediate tokens known as chain-of-thought (CoT). However, CoT often becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Ren Pang , Neha Anna John , Michael Bohlke-Schneider , Momchil Hardalov

There have been numerous studies evaluating bias of LLMs towards political topics. However, how positions towards these topics in model outputs are highly sensitive to the prompt. What happens when the prompt itself is suggestive of certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Avneet Kaur

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly find their way into the most diverse areas of our everyday lives. They indirectly influence people's decisions or opinions through their daily use. Therefore, understanding how and which moral…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Karina Vida , Fabian Damken , Anne Lauscher

Strategic decision-making involves interactive reasoning where agents adapt their choices in response to others, yet existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) often emphasize Nash Equilibrium (NE) approximation, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jingru Jia , Zehua Yuan , Junhao Pan , Paul E. McNamara , Deming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have accomplished remarkable reasoning performance in various domains. However, in the domain of reasoning tasks, we discover a frailty: LLMs are surprisingly brittle to the ordering of the premises, despite the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xinyun Chen , Ryan A. Chi , Xuezhi Wang , Denny Zhou

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their use in complex agentic roles, involving decision-making with humans or other agents, making ethical alignment a key AI safety concern. While prior work has examined both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Steffen Backmann , David Guzman Piedrahita , Emanuel Tewolde , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Critical decision-making in socially consequential spaces is increasingly involving AI systems at varying capacities. Yet, despite the ubiquity of autonomous systems, most approaches to handling autonomous moral decision-making resort to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aisha Aijaz , Rahul Goel , Arnav Batra , Raghava Mutharaju

Case-based reasoning is a cornerstone of U.S. legal practice, requiring professionals to argue about a current case by drawing analogies to and distinguishing from past precedents. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Li Zhang , Matthias Grabmair , Morgan Gray , Kevin Ashley

We investigate the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs), including reasoning-based and non-reasoning models, in performing zero-shot financial sentiment analysis. Using the Financial PhraseBank dataset annotated by domain experts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Dimitris Vamvourellis , Dhagash Mehta

Large language models increasingly shape the information people consume: they are embedded in search, consulted for professional advice, deployed as agents, and used as a first stop for questions about policy, ethics, health, and politics.…

Many state-of-the-art LLMs are trained to think before giving their answer. Reasoning can greatly improve language model capabilities, but it also makes them less interactive: given a new input, a model must stop thinking before it can…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o1 have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, raising important questions about their biases in LLM-as-a-judge settings. We present a comprehensive benchmark comparing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Qian Wang , Zhanzhi Lou , Zhenheng Tang , Nuo Chen , Xuandong Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Dawn Song , Bingsheng He

As LLMs become embedded in research workflows and organizational decision processes, their effect on analytical reliability remains uncertain. We distinguish two dimensions of analytical reliability -- intelligence (the capacity to reach…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Ryan Allen , Aticus Peterson

We investigate how peer pressure influences the opinions of Large Language Model (LLM) agents across a spectrum of cognitive commitments by embedding them in social networks where they update opinions based on peer perspectives. Our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Aliakbar Mehdizadeh , Martin Hilbert

Negotiation is a fundamental challenge for AI agents, as it requires an ability to reason strategically, model opponents, and balance cooperation with competition. We present the first comprehensive study that systematically evaluates how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sherzod Hakimov , Roland Bernard , Tim Leiber , Karl Osswald , Kristina Richert , Ruilin Yang , Raffaella Bernardi , David Schlangen

Navigating dilemmas involving conflicting values is challenging even for humans in high-stakes domains, let alone for AI, yet prior work has been limited to everyday scenarios. To close this gap, we introduce CLASH (Character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ayoung Lee , Ryan Sungmo Kwon , Peter Railton , Lu Wang
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