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Optimizing GPU kernels presents a significantly greater challenge for large language models (LLMs) than standard code generation tasks, as it requires understanding hardware architecture, parallel optimization strategies, and performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nina Wiedemann , Quentin Leboutet , Michael Paulitsch , Diana Wofk , Benjamin Ummenhofer

Optimizing GPU kernels manually is a challenging and time-consuming task. With the rapid development of LLMs, automated GPU kernel optimization is gradually becoming a tangible reality. However, current LLM-driven automated optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuxuan Han , Meng-Hao Guo , Zhengning Liu , Wenguang Chen , Shi-Min Hu

Recent advances in self-supervised learning and the Transformer architecture have significantly improved natural language processing (NLP), achieving remarkably low perplexity. However, the growing size of NLP models introduces a memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Gunho Park , Baeseong Park , Minsub Kim , Sungjae Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomseok Kwon , Se Jung Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Youngjoo Lee , Dongsoo Lee

Future computing systems, from handhelds to supercomputers, will undoubtedly be more parallel and heterogeneous than todays systems to provide more performance and energy efficiency. Thus, GPUs are increasingly being used to accelerate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Saeed Taheri , Apan Qasem , Martin Burtscher

GPU kernels have come to the forefront of computing due to their utility in varied fields, from high-performance computing to machine learning. A typical GPU compute kernel is invoked millions, if not billions of times in a typical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Khawir Mahmood , Jehandad Khan , Hammad Afzal

GPU kernel optimization is increasingly critical for efficient deep learning systems, but writing high-performance kernels still requires substantial low-level expertise. Recent AI coding agents can iteratively read code, invoke compilers…

General Matrix Multiplication or GEMM kernels take centre place in high performance computing and machine learning. Recent NVIDIA GPUs include GEMM accelerators, such as NVIDIA's Tensor Cores. Their exploitation is hampered by the…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Thomas Faingnaert , Tim Besard , Bjorn De Sutter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing tasks, revolutionizing the field with their ability to understand and generate human-like text. As the demand for more sophisticated LLMs continues…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Christoforos Kachris

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automatically generate optimized CUDA kernels, substantially improving developer productivity. However, despite rapid generation, these kernels often contain subtle correctness bugs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Bodhisatwa Chatterjee , Drew Zagieboylo , Sana Damani , Siva Hari , Christos Kozyrakis

High-performance GPU kernels are essential for efficient LLM deployment, yet optimizing them remains expertise-intensive. Recent LLM-based code generation makes automatic GPU operator generation promising, but operator optimization remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yining Zhang , Mingyang Yi , Chen Wang , Xuwen Xiang , Tianhe Jia , Zedong Dan , Chengqing Zong , Yue Wang

A long-standing goal in both industry and academia is to develop an LLM inference platform that is portable across hardware architectures, eliminates the need for low-level hand-tuning, and still delivers best-in-class efficiency. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Burkhard Ringlein , Jan van Lunteren , Radu Stoica , Thomas Parnell

Large Language Model (LLM) inference uses an autoregressive manner to generate one token at a time, which exhibits notably lower operational intensity compared to earlier Machine Learning (ML) models such as encoder-only transformers and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yufeng Gu , Alireza Khadem , Sumanth Umesh , Ning Liang , Xavier Servot , Onur Mutlu , Ravi Iyer , Reetuparna Das

Quantum programs are typically developed using quantum Software Development Kits (SDKs). The rapid advancement of quantum computing necessitates new tools to streamline this development process, and one such tool could be Generative…

Rich textual and topological information of textual graphs need to be modeled in real-world applications such as webpages, e-commerce, and academic articles. Practitioners have been long following the path of adopting a shallow text encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yun Zhu , Yaoke Wang , Haizhou Shi , Siliang Tang

Nowadays, we are living in an era of extreme device heterogeneity. Despite the high variety of conventional CPU architectures, accelerator devices, such as GPUs and FPGAs, also appear in the foreground exploding the pool of available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Petros Vavaroutsos , Ioannis Oroutzoglou , Dimosthenis Masouros , Dimitrios Soudris

The effectiveness of Machine Learning (ML) methods depend on access to large suitable datasets. In this article, we present how we build the LS-CAT (Large-Scale CUDA AutoTuning) dataset sourced from GitHub for the purpose of training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Lars Bjertnes , Jacob O. Tørring , Anne C. Elster

Analytic performance models are essential for understanding the performance characteristics of loop kernels, which consume a major part of CPU cycles in computational science. Starting from a validated performance model one can infer the…

Performance · Computer Science 2015-11-06 Julian Hammer , Georg Hager , Jan Eitzinger , Gerhard Wellein

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated code optimization but struggle without performance context. This work introduces Opal, a modular framework that connects performance analytics insights with the vast body of published…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mohammad Zaeed , Tanzima Z. Islam , Vladimir Inđić

In this paper, we aim to improve the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) over knowledge graphs (KGs) to answer complex questions. Inspired by existing methods that design the interaction strategy between LLMs and KG, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yang Song , Chen Zhu , Hengshu Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen